Afim de diagnosticar, classificar e associar o grau estenose de narinas à parâmetros epidemiológicos, foram avaliados 134 cães braquicefálicos atendidos no Projeto Narizinho -UFF. Destes 79 (59%) eram machos e 55 (41%) fêmeas, sendo observado uma estenose mais intensa em indivíduos do sexo masculino 58/79 (73%). A idade média dos animais foi de 2,7 anos, onde setenta e cinco por cento dos indivíduos entre dois e seis anos de idade apresentavam estenose grave de narinas. Os cães admitidos pertenciam às raças Buldogue francês, Buldogue Inglês, Pug e Shih tzu, com a maioria dos exemplares 90/134(67%), classificados com narinas gravemente estenosadas. A raça Buldogue francês foi a que apresentou maior percentagem de exemplares com o nível mais intenso de estenose de narinas 72% (57/79). Todos os animais da raça Pug foram diagnosticados com narinas estenóticas, sendo a segunda raça mais prevalente com obstrução da narina grave 62% (23/37). Entre os buldogues ingleses 50% apresentavam narinas gravemente estenosadas. A raça Shih Tzu foi a que exibiu um maior percentual de indivíduos sem estenose, 36% (5/14), não obstante a maioria dos indivíduos apresentavam uma grave obstrução das narinas 57% (8/14). Os diferentes graus de estenose de narinas causando a obstrução das vias aéreas anteriores em cães braquicefálicos está associado à raça e idade, dificultando o fluxo normal do ar até os pulmões, desta maneira impactando diretamente na sintomatologia clínica e qualidade dos animais.
To evaluate the protective effect of rhinoplasty with diode laser on the cardiovascular system and in the reduction of the inflammatory state, CK-MB and PCR measurements were performed before and 30 days after the surgical procedure. Rhinoplasty using the diode laser promoted a significant reduction in plasma CK-MB and PCR levels, 30 days after its completion. No association was found between the pre-surgical plasma concentration of CK-MB and CRP and the degree of stenosis of the nostrils, race, age, sex and weight of the animals. A significant reduction in CK-MB was observed in dogs with severe stenosis, French Bulldog, one year old and over four years old, male and between 10 and 20 kg. Animals with severe stenosis, of the Pug breed, weighing less than 10 kg and three years of age exhibited a significant decrease in serum CRP values after surgery. As a result, the degree of stenosis of the nostrils, the breed, age, sex and weight of the animals did not influence the plasma concentration of NTpro-BNP, CK-MB and PCR in brachycephalic dogs. Rhinoplasty with diode laser has been shown to be effective in reducing the plasma concentration of the natriuretic peptide CK-MB and CRP in dogs with brachycephalic syndrome, showing that the procedure has a protective effect on the cardiovascular function of these animals and is also effective in reducing inflammatory biomarkers.
Objetivando avaliar a resposta clínica de cães braquicefálicos portadores estenose de narinas submetidos a rinoplastia com o uso do laser de diodo, 62 tutores de cães braquicefálicos portadores de estenose de narinas foram entrevistados por meio de questionários aplicados presencialmente. Trinta e dois (51,6%) cães eram da raça Buldogue francês, 19 (30,6%) da raça Pug, 6 (9,7%) eram Buldogues ingleses e 5 (8,1%) Shih tzus. Quarenta cães (64,5%) eram machos e 22 (35,5%) fêmeas, com idade média de 29 meses. Ronco dormindo foi o sinal clínico mais relatado, 62/62 (100%), seguido de ronco acordado, 57/62 (92%), intolerância ao exercício, 50 (80%), apneia do sono, 30/62 (48%), e cianose 21/62 (34%). Espirro reverso, espirro e tosse foram citados por 49 (79%), 38 (61%) e 27 (43%) dos responsáveis, respectivamente. Foi constatado ainda que 82% (51/62) dos animais apresentavam flatulência, 80% (50/62) engasgo, 74% (46/62) vômito, 71% (44/62) regurgitação e 29% (18/62) disfagia. Uma redução acentuada dos sinais clínicos comuns à síndrome braquicefálica foi averiguada 30 dias após rinoplastia com laser de diodo, observando-se diminuição de 15% na ocorrência de ronco dormindo, 23% de ronco acordado, 22% de intolerância ao exercício, 30% de apneia, 48% de espirro reverso, 39% de espirro, 28% de tosse e 28% de cianose. Do mesmo modo, após a cirurgia, observou-se decréscimo de 14% na ocorrência de flatulência, 41% de engasgo, 45% de vômito, 39% nos casos de regurgitação e 19% de disfagia. O uso do laser de diodo mostrou-se eficaz na realização da rinoplastia em cães braquicefálicos portadores de estenose de narinas, promovendo redução dos sinais clínicos, com bons resultados estéticos e funcionais.
Background: Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne disease highly prevalent in Brazil, and is relevant in canine clinical practice due to its high morbidity and mortality. Its clinical signs are nonspecific and its phases are acute, lasting 2 to 4 weeks; subclinical, i.e., asymptomatic; and chronic, resembling an autoimmune disease. The purpose of this study was to identify the occurrence of reactivity to Ehrlichia canis of bitches treated at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) - Niterói, RJ, Brazil, based on serological examination by iELISA, and to compare the hematological, biochemical, urinary protein-creatinine and urinary density profiles of reactive and non-reactive animals. Materials, Methods & Results: This study involved solely bitches, regardless of breed, starting at 1 year of age. One hundred and thirty bitches, 1 to 16 year-old (mean age 7.02 ± 4.00), weighing 1.5 to 50 kg (mean weight 12.12 ± 10.65) were subjected to clinical examination and abdominal ultrasound. Complete blood count, biochemical measurements, urinalysis and serology for E. canis were also performed. The serum was used in the iELISA to identify immunoglobulin G (IgG), using a canine Ehrlichia Imunotest® diagnostic kit (Imunodot®, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Sixty animals (46.20%) were reactive to E. canis. According to their owners, only 5 (8.3%) of the 60 seroreactive animals had a history of tick-borne disease. The most common profile was that of mixed breed animals living with their owners, older than 7 years, who had not been treated preventatively with specific drugs against ectoparasites. Laboratory tests showed significant differences between groups in terms of total protein (TP), and calcium and urinary protein-creatinine ratio (UPC). TP and UPC were elevated in the non-reactive group, while the only significant change in the reactive group was mild hypocalcemia. In this study, 30% (18/60) of the bitches were seroreactive to E. canis and had hypocalcemia. Of these, 50% (9/18) had a UPC above 0.5. Furthermore, 66.7% (12/18) of this group with hypocalcemia also showed urine density (UD) of less than 1024. Among these 18 bitches, 5 had both alterations, i.e., UPC > 0.5 and UD < 1024.Discussion: In this study, a high prevalence of bitches seroreactive to Ehrlichia canis was observed, despite the absence of clinical and/or laboratory signs indicative of the disease. In the investigation of IgG class antibodies, it is not possible to determine the exact time of infection, and titers may remain high for a period of more than 11 months, even after treatment and elimination of the bacterium. The fact that most seroreactive bitches showed no symptoms compatible with the disease either before or during the study suggests that they were in the subclinical phase of ehrlichiosis. The main reason for calcium metabolism disorders is a phosphorus imbalance, a condition that occurs in kidney diseases. Isosthenuria reflects the kidney’s inability to concentrate urine. This finding may be one of the first clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in dogs. On the other hand, the UPC ratio may increase with the progression of CKD. The presence of hypocalcemia, isosthenuria and increased UPC associated with seroreactivity suggests that infection by E. canis may be associated with the onset of CKD. Veterinarians should keep in mind the complexity of the pathophysiology of ehrlichiosis to ensure the disease is not underdiagnosed in any of its phases, thereby ensuring the correct treatment is provided. Such awareness is expected to reduce the chronicity of the disease and underlying sequelae among dogs.Keywords: Ehrlichia canis, serology, tick, clinic, renal.Descritores: Ehrlichia canis, sorologia, carrapato, clínica, renal.Título: Perfil clínico e laboratorial de cadelas sororeativas para erliquiose tratadas em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário em Niterói, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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