Accessions of Gossypium spp., some of them never previously tested, were evaluated for resistance to a local isolate of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 in greenhouse experiments. Nematode infection was characterized based on the galling and egg mass indexes and the reproduction factors (RF). Root-knot nematode reproduction among the newly tested accessions varied from highly susceptible (AS0188, AS0189) to moderately resistant (MT123 no. 3), and some accessions showed highly reduced nematode reproduction (CIR1343, CIR1348, Fai Mui). Histological observations of two resistant accessions (G. barbadense CIR1348 and G. hirsutum TX-25, respectively) showed that resistance occurs through a two-stage mechanism in the first accession and through a single-stage mechanism in the second. Parasitism is blocked early after second-stage juvenile (J2) penetration or during its initial tissue migration (CIR1348) and the development of later-stage juveniles into female adults is suppressed at a later stage (TX-25 and CIR1348). Fluorescence and bright light microscopy showed that root cells surrounding nematodes exhibit a hypersensitivity-like reaction, with the accumulation of presumably phenolic compounds and the presence of necrotic cells that limit the development of nematodes and the formation of giant cells. Underdeveloped giant cells with degenerated cytoplasmic content were found in small numbers in CIR1348 and in large numbers in TX-25, along with deformed nematodes. The full characterization of the defence mechanisms of novel sources of resistance to the root-knot nematode in cotton constitutes a first step towards their use in crop improvement.

RESUMOLeishmaniose é uma enfermidade multissistêmica cujas manifestações clínicas são extremamente variáveis. Em cães sinais clínicos oftálmicos são relativamente frequentes, ainda que outros sinais sistêmicos não sejam identificados. Atualmente, o diagnóstico da doença baseia-se em métodos parasitológicos, sorológicos e moleculares, mas, até o momento, a identificação de formas amastigotas desse parasito em esfregaços feitos a partir de suabes conjuntivais não é empregada rotineiramente. Valendo-se de cães sorologicamente positivos para leishmaniose, portadores (G1) ou não (G2) de alterações oftálmicas, este estudo avaliou a viabilidade do esfregaço a partir de suabe conjuntival como método de diagnóstico para a enfermidade. O exame suprarreferido foi positivo em 60% dos animais do G1 e 38,1% do G2, no entanto não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à positividade nos dois grupos (P=0,2167). Os dados apontam para uma tendência de os cães com leishmaniose e com sinais oftálmicos serem positivos ao exame parasitológico de esfregaço a partir de suabe conjuntival, podendo esse método ser útil no diagnóstico parasitológico da leishmaniose canina.

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate possible risk factors for death in traumatized cats based on the clinicoepidemiological profile, the Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) scale score and the Modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MGCS) score at the time of presentation to the hospital. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving cats admitted to the emergency sector (ES) and the surgical clinic sector (SCS) of a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH) in northeastern Brazil over a 12-month period (2018–2019). Probable risk factors associated with non-survival after trauma were analyzed by calculating the prevalence ratio. The prediction of non-survival was evaluated by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve employing the ATT scale score, MGCS score and rectal temperature. Results In 1 year, 89 traumatized cats were admitted to the VTH, of which 90% (n = 80) were young, 54% (n = 48) were male, 79% (n = 70) were intact, 59% (n = 53) were indoor cats and 92% (n = 82) were considered as mixed breed. Blunt trauma was the most prevalent cause of injuries, reported in 76% (n = 68) of the cats. Accidents involving falls (30%; n = 27) that affected the pelvic limbs (50.6%) were the most commonly reported. The prevalence of death among cats admitted to the ES was 9.44 times higher than that of animals treated at the SCS. Trauma as result of being run over and chest trauma were associated with a higher probability of death. Most of the animals that died had a lower rectal temperature than those that survived. The ATT scale score, MGCS score and rectal temperature were predictive of mortality. Conclusions and relevance Rectal temperature, ATT scale score and MGCS score were effective predictors of an unfavorable prognosis and point to the need for emergency procedures. Hypothermia, being run over and chest trauma were associated with a higher risk of mortality. Our findings highlight the importance of prompt and effective care for these conditions.

Avaliaram-se os efeitos do fornecimento de diferentes frações inspiradas de oxigênio (FiO2) sobre os parâmetros hemodinâmicos em cães submetidos à infusão contínua de propofol e mantidos em ventilação espontânea. Foram utilizados oito cães, os quais foram empregados em cinco grupos com diferentes FiO2, G100 (FiO2 = 1), G80 (FiO2 = 0,8), G60 (FiO2 = 0,6), G40 (FiO2 = 0,4) e G20 (FiO2 = 0,21), respeitando-se um intervalo de dez dias entre cada procedimento anestésico. Os animais foram induzidos e mantidos sob anestesia com propofol na dose de 0,7mg kg-1 min-1 e, após a intubação orotraqueal, iniciou-se o fornecimento de oxigênio conforme a FiO2 determinada para cada grupo. As primeiras mensurações, da freqüência cardíaca (FC), das pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média (PAS, PAD e PAM), da resistência vascular periférica e pulmonar (RPT e RPV), do débito cardíaco (DC); da pressão venosa central (PVC), da pressão média da artéria pulmonar (PMAP), da pressão média capilar pulmonar (PMCP), da pressão parcial de oxigênio (PaO2) e do dióxido de carbono (PaCO2) no sangue arterial, foram efetuadas 30 minutos após o início da infusão do anestésico (M0), seguidas de intervalos de 15 minutos (M15, M30, M45 e M60). Os dados numéricos obtidos foram submetidos à Análise de Variância, seguida pelo teste Tukey (P<0,05). Os parâmetros hemodinâmicos não apresentaram diferenças significativas ao longo do tempo e entre os grupos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que as variáveis hemodinâmicas não são afetadas pelo emprego de diferentes FiO2.

Thirty-two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) or L. pimpinellifolium (L.) Mill. accessions were inoculated with race T2 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) in a field experiment at Wooster, Ohio, in 1995. Plants from accessions which segregated for race T2 resistance in greenhouse tests were selected and these are designated by hyphenated extensions below. The eight most resistant accessions from 1995 and PI 262173 were retested in 1996. Lycopersicon esculentum accession PI 114490-1-1 had virtually no Xcv symptoms either year. Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium accessions LA 442-1-Bk and PI 128216-T2 expressed a high level of resistance in 1995, but only partial resistance in 1996. Accessions with partial resistance for both seasons were PI 79532-S1, PI 155372-S1, PI 126428, PI 271385, PI 195002, PI 262173, Hawaii 7998, and Hawaii 7983. PI 79532-S1 is a L. pimpinellifolium accession and the remaining seven are L. esculentum. Twenty accessions tested in 1995 for T2 plus 10 other accessions were also tested for race T1 resistance in Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 1993. Hawaii 7983, PI 155372-S1, PI 114490, PI 114490-S1, and PI 262173 had greater resistance to T1 than the susceptible control, `Solar Set'. Comparisons with earlier experiments, in which accessions were inoculated with race T1 or T3, indicated that the most consistent source of resistance to all three races was PI 114490 or selections derived from it.

Objectives We compared the effects of two alpha (α)2-adrenergic agonists on semen traits. Methods In this study, 13 adult domestic cats were divided into two experimental groups, according to the chemical ejaculation protocol used: the first group received medetomidine hydrochloride (100 µg/kg) and ketamine (5000 µg/kg); the second group received dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (25 µg/kg) and ketamine (5000 µg/kg), both by the intramuscular route. Results The animals responded positively ( P >0.05) to chemical collection. Seminal parameters evaluated included volume, sperm vigor, total motility, progressive motility, sperm concentration, and the structural and functional integrity of the plasma membrane; sperm morphology values did not differ between groups ( P >0.05). Conclusions and relevance The results indicated that dexmedetomidine is a more viable and economical alternative to medetomidine in domestic cats submitted to semen collection by urethral catheterization. Semen collection by urethral catheterization after using α2-adrenergic agonists is a recently developed technique in feline species that is considered to be quick and highly applicable to assisted reproduction programs in felids.

Avaliação da dexmedetomidina e do tramadol, associados ao midazolam, em gatas anestesiadas com isoflurano e submetidas à ovário-histerectomia [Evaluation of dexmedetomidine and tramadol, associated with midazolam, in RESUMOObjetivou-se comparar as alterações cardiorrespiratórias e a analgesia pós-operatória promovidas pela dexmedetomidina e pelo tramadol, quando associados ao midazolam, em felinas. Para tal, foram selecionadas 18 gatas hígidas, divididas em dois grupos randomizados: GDM, tratadas com dexmedetomidina (10µg/kg) e GTM, tratadas com tramadol (2mg/kg), ambos associados a midazolam (0,2mg/kg,) IM. Após 15 minutos, procedeu-se à indução anestésica com propofol (1,46±0,79mL), mantendo-se a anestesia com isoflurano. As felinas foram submetidas à ovário-histerectomia, registrandose as variáveis cardiorrespiratórias 15 minutos após a MPA (M0), 15 minutos após a indução (M15) e sequencialmente a cada cinco minutos, até o término do procedimento cirúrgico (M20, M25, M30, M35 e M40). A avaliação da dor iniciou-se 30 minutos após o término do procedimento cirúrgico (MP30) e sequencialmente em intervalos de 30 minutos (MP60, MP90, MP120). A partir do MP120, as avaliações foram registradas a cada hora (MP180, MP240 e MP360). A associação dexmedetomidina-midazolam infere diminuição inicial de frequência cardíaca (FC) sem significado clínico e está relacionada à sedação mais pronunciada, à analgesia menor e menos duradoura e a episódios de êmese, quando comparada à associação tramadol-midazolam. Ambos os protocolos denotaram estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e podem ser considerados seguros em felinas submetidas à ovário-histectomia.Palavras-chave: felina, alfa-2 agonistas, analgesia, cardiorrespiratório, opioide ABSTRACT

Epidural anesthesia with access to the lumbosacral space was safe and easy to perform. DEX decreased heart rate. All groups promoted a decrease in rectal temperature with respiratory and cardiac rhythm stability; however, hypotension should be considered.