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High mountain ecosystems are a challenge for the survival of animal and plant species, which have to evolve specific adaptations to cope with the prevailing extreme conditions. The strategies to survive may reach from opportunistic to highly adapted traits. One species successfully surviving under these conditions is the here studied butterfly Erebia nivalis. In a mark-release-recapture study performed in the Hohe Tauern National Park (Austria) from 22 July to 26 August 2013, we marked 1386 individuals and recaptured 342 of these. For each capture event, we recorded the exact point of capture and various other traits (wing conditions, behavior, nectar sources). The population showed a partial protandrous demography with the minority of males emerging prior to the females, but the majority being synchronized with them. Males and females differed significantly in their behavior with males being more flight active and females nectaring and resting more. Both sexes showed preferences for the same plant species as nectar sources, but this specialization apparently is the result of a rapid individual adaptation to the locally available flowers. Estimates of the realized dispersal distances predicted a comparatively high amount of long-distance flights, especially for females. Therefore, the adaptation of Erebia nivalis to the unpredictable high mountain conditions might be a mixture of opportunism and specialized traits.

In this monograph on the Indochinese species of Tetraserica Ahrens, 2004 all species distributed in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, and mainland Malaysia are covered as well as those of the Indian province Mizoram. From this revision, the following new combinations result: Tetrasericagressitti (Frey, 1972), comb. n., T.laotica (Frey, 1972), comb. n., T.satura (Brenske, 1898), comb. n., T.sejugata (Brenske, 1898), comb. n., T.siantarensis (Moser, 1922), comb. n., T.spinicrus (Frey, 1972), comb. n., T.vietnamensis (Frey, 1969), comb. n., and T.wapiensis (Frey, 1972), comb. n. Two new synonyms were found: Tetrasericamidoriae Kobayashi, 2017 (syn. n.) = T.laotica (Frey, 1972); T.graciliforceps Liu et al. 2014 (syn. n.) = T.satura (Brenske, 1898). The lectotypes of Tetrasericagestroi (Brenske, 1898), T.miniatula (Moser, 1915), and T.siantarensis (Moser, 1922) are designated. 116 Tetraserica species were recorded from Indochina, among which 88 new species are described: Tetrasericaallochangshouensissp. n., T.allomengeanasp. n., T.allosejugatasp. n., T.angkorthomensissp. n., T.angkorwatensissp. n., T.appendiculatasp. n., T.auriculatasp. n., T.bachmaensissp. n., T.banhuaipoensissp. n., T.bansanpakianasp. n., T.bolavensensissp. n., T.breviforcepssp. n., T.cattienensissp. n., T.champassakanasp. n., T.constantisp. n., T.cucphongensissp. n., T.curviforcepssp. n., T.desalvazzaisp. n., T.doiphukhaensissp. n., T.doipuiensissp. n., T.doisuthepensissp. n., T.dongnaiensissp. n., T.falciforcepssp. n., T.falciformissp. n., T.feresiantarensissp. n., T.filiforcepssp. n., T.fullerisp. n., T.phukradungensissp. n., T.geiseraesp. n., T.giulianaesp. n., T.infidasp. n., T.jaklisp. n., T.khaosoidaoensissp. n., T.kiriromensissp. n., T.koisp. n., T.kollaesp. n., T.konchurangensissp. n., T.kontumensissp. n., T.loeiensissp. n., T.lucaisp. n., T.microfurcatasp. n., T.microspinosasp. n., T.multiangulatasp. n., T.nahaeoensissp. n., T.nakaiensissp. n., T.namnaoensissp. n., T.neouncinatasp. n., T.nonglomensissp. n., T.nussisp. n., T.olegisp. n., T.pahinngamensissp. n., T.pailinensissp. n., T.parasetuliforcepssp. n., T.paratonkinensissp. n., T.petrpacholatkoisp. n., T.phatoensissp. n., T.phoupaneensissp. n., T.pluriuncinatasp. n., T.pseudoliangheensissp. n., T.pseudoruiliensissp. n., T.pseudouncinatasp. n., T.quadriforcepssp. n., T.quadrifurcatasp. n., T.rihaisp. n., T.romaesp. n., T.rubrithoraxsp. n., T.sapanasp. n., T.semidamadiensissp. n., T.semipingjiangensissp. n., T.semiruiliensissp. n., T.semishanensissp. n., T.setuliforcepssp. n., T.shanensissp. n., T.smetsisp. n., T.margheritaesp. n., T.sopponganasp. n., T.spanglerorumsp. n., T.spinotibialissp. n., T.subrotundatasp. n., T.tanahrataensissp. n., T.thainguyensissp. n., T.trilobiforcepssp. n., T.ululalatensissp. n., T.umphangensissp. n., T.varisp. n., T.veliformissp. n., T.vientianeensissp. n., and T.xiengkhouangensissp. n. A key to the Indochinese Tetraserica species is given and distributions as well as the habitus and male genitalia of all species are illustrated.