Pests are one of the limiting factors in increasing soybean production. Pest control carried out by farmers using pesticides is feared to threaten the sustainability of soybean production in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the effect of different pest management systems and various soybean varieties on pest population dynamics, abundance and diversity of natural enemies, plant damage, and soybean production. A split plot design with three replications was applied, where the main plot was pest management systems i.e. (1) control (which received neither chemicals nor integrated pest management), (2) chemical control, and (3) integrated pest management, and the sub-plot was soybean varieties i.e. (1) Anjasmoro, (2) Demas 1, and (3) Dering 1. Results indicated that variety affects pest diversity and abundance, however, it affected leaf damage, pod damage, and production. The pest management systems influenced the diversity and abundance of pests and natural enemies, plant damage, and production. Interaction between variety and pest management system affected plant damage. We conclude that the use of resistant varieties combined with integrated pest management could reduce plant damage, maintain the natural enemy population, and optimize soybean production.
The usage of qualified seed is one of practices in intensification strategy to minimize the rice yield gap. Unfortunately, its availability in North Sumatera Province is difficult to find. One of the measures to solve the scarcity is by maintaining the existence of the Seed Resources Management Unit (SRMU) and Seed Grower. This study has specific objectives, to inform the total potential production, the kind of varieties and the distribution of certified rice seed from SRMU and Seed Grower and to estimate the opportunity to enhance the certified rice seed sustainability. A descriptive method was used for this study by using observation and comparative analysis techniques. The results show that there are 4,693.5 ton of certified rice seed generated from SRMU and Seed Grower, which is Inpari 32, Mekongga and Inpari 42 are the dominated varieties. This study also found that the majority of certified rice seeds were distributed to Deli Serdang, Serdang Bedagai and Labuhan Batu Regency. By comparing the necessity of certified rice seed which is resulting from the total raw rice land area with the existing production, the existence of SRMU and Seed Grower is significantly needed to support the sustainable certified rice seed in North Sumatera Province.
The evaluation of several superior rice varieties on seed production and yield in North Sumatra aims to evaluate superior varieties that are adaptable and high-yielding, as well as produce quality seeds in North Sumatra to support the sustainability of certified rice seeds. The research was conducted in the IP2TP Pasar Miring from October 2021 to January 2022. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 3 (three) replications and 10 tested varieties (Ciherang, Mekongga, Cibogo, Inpari 16, Inpari 30, Inpari 32, Inpari 42, Inpari 43, Inpari 44, inpari 48, and Inpari Nutrizinc). The soil was perfectly cultivated, and the planting system was legowo 2:1, the spacing was 30 cm between rows, 15 cm within rows and 50 cm between rows (legowo). Among the ten varieties studied, Inpari 32 (6,159.00 kg/ha), Ciherang (5,738.67 kg/ha), and Mekongga (5,625.00 kg/ha) have the highest yields. Meanwhile, most seeds were produced by Inpari 32, which produced 4,575 tons/ha, followed by Ciherang (4,378 tons/ha) and Mekongga (4,073 tons/ha). Seed producers must pay attention to the market when producing seeds, which are seeds that are widely developed at the farmer level or varieties that consumers, both traders and farmers prefer.
Inceptisol is one of the soil types covering the Langkat Regency. Unfortunately, the soil has low chemical fertility and is characterized by a small part of macronutrients. To support the maize growth in inceptisol, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the primary required nutrients. Hence, applying inorganic fertilizer is one of the strategies to solve this issue. This study was conducted at Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency, from July to November 2021. This study aims to analyze the effect of phosphorus and potassium on the maize growth and production of inceptisol. This study was arranged by Non-Factorial Randomize Complete Block Design with seven treatments and four replications. These treatments are consist of: PK 0 (control), PK 1 (standard fertilization), PK 2 (50 % PK plus dose + 75 % standard fertilization), PK 3 (100 % PK plus dose + 75 % standard fertilization), PK 4 (150 % PK plus dose + 75% standard fertilization), PK 5 (100 % PK plus dose + 50 % standard fertilization), PK 6 (150 % PK plus dose + 50 % standard fertilization). The results show that the PK 5 and PK 6 treatments contribute to the highest maize production by 9.300 kg/ha and the highest Relative Agronomy Effectiveness (RAE) value, 147 %. Fertilization dose of 10 kg ha−1 PK Plus + 50 % standard fertilization is recommended for corn cultivation and is very economically feasible.
The UPSUS program for food self-sufficiency launched by the government has succeeded in increasing national rice production, including in North Sumatera, by increasing the additional embedded area (LTT). However, the aspect of rice supply and distribution is still a problem, so rice imports are still carried out. This study aims to determine the rice balance by comparing the value of rice production to consumption every month throughout the year. The method used is a dynamic system approach using secondary data to build a simulation model. The simulation results show that, in general, the demand for rice has been fulfilled, although in certain months there is a deficit because the planting area in that month is not as large as in other months. Likewise, for some rice production centers, there are regions that experience rice deficits throughout the year. Therefore, efforts to improve supply chain management are an alternative solution to supporting sustainable rice selfsufficiency in North Sumatera.
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