The quinoline scaffolds are privileged for their numerous biological activities in the pharmaceutical field. This moiety constitutes a well‐known space in several marketed preparations. The quinoline scaffolds gained attention in modern days being an important chemical moiety in the identification, designing, and synthesis of novel potent derivatives. The current review is developed to shine the light on critical and significant insights on the quinoline derivatives possessing diverse biological activities such as analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, antialzheimer, anti‐convulsant, anti‐oxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐cancer activities and so on. A detailed summary of quinoline ring from its origin to the recent advancements regarding its synthesis, green chemistry approaches, patented methods, and its marketed drugs is presented in the review. We attempted to review the literature compiling the critical information that has potential to encourage fellow researchers and scientists for the design and development of quinoline scaffold based active molecules that have improved therapeutic performance along with profound pharmacological properties.

The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought elective surgeries including liver transplantation to a standstill. The concerns in living donor liver transplant (LDLT) were that immunosuppressed recipients and healthy donors would be exposed to nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. 1 However, as patients began to suffer and die, Liver Transplant Society of India revised its guidelines 2 and allowed LDLT for those who were very sick, or had just recovered from a life-threatening decompensation (high Model for End-Stage Liver Disease/Child-Turcotte-Pugh [MELD/CTP] score) or had malignancy. More than 90% of transplants in India are from live donors because we have a very low donation rate. Our center is the largest LDLT center in India and performs an average of 250 adults/pediatric transplants per year. In the ongoing pandemic, most Western centers have stopped LDLT and therefore our experience in this pandemic may allay some of the concerns.

Background Immediate extubation is integral constituent of enhance recovery protocols. Purpose of this study was to examine success rates and safety of protocolized immediate extubation in pediatric living donor liver transplant recipients and to find out factors associated with non‐immediate extubation in operation room. Methods We performed retrospective analysis for data of small (≤20 kg) pediatric patients transplanted between 2017 and 2019 (protocolized duration) and compared with data of transplants done between 2014 and 2016 (non‐protocolized duration). Further, we compared data during each time duration between immediate extubation and non‐immediate extubation group to find risk factors in that particular duration. Results Immediate extubation rates were significantly higher during protocolized duration compared with non‐protocolized duration (85.52% vs. 48.29%, p < .001). Reintubation rates decreased during protocolized duration (10.9% vs. 4.6%). Hospital stays (20.47 ± 7.06 vs. 27.8 ± 6.2 days, p < .001) and mortality (13.2% vs. 28%, p = .04) were significantly decreased in protocolized duration. Higher age (OR: 2.85, 95% CI 1.22–6.67, p = .02), weight > 10 (OR: 4.37, 95% CI 1.16–16.46, p = .029) and high vasopressor support (OR: 32, 95% CI 6.4–160.13, p < .001) found as significant predictors of non‐immediate extubation however only high vasopressor support found to be independent predictor during protocolized duration. Conclusions Outcomes in pediatric transplants can be optimized by immediate extubation in majority of cases when protocolized as part of policy.

Lacosamide (LCM) is a new antiepileptic drug used as an adjunctive treatment for partial seizures with and without secondary generalization. One of the modes of action is the enhancement of slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels. Experimental studies and clinical trials suggest that LCM acts upon both neurons and the heart and may increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. A systematic review was conducted to investigate characteristics of arrhythmias related to the use of LCM for the treatment of seizures. The search terms “lacosamide”, “arrhythmias”, “AV block”, “atrial fibrillations/flutter”, “cardiac conductions defects”, “ventricular tachycardia”, “ventricular fibrillation were used. Case reports and retrospective studies were gathered by searching Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Cochrane CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and Web of Science databases. Seventeen articles were selected for review. Ventricular tachycardia was the most reported LCM related arrhythmia (29.4%), followed by new-onset atrial fibrillation (17.6%), complete heart block (17.6%), Mobitz type 1 Atrio-ventricular block (11.8%), sinus pauses (11.8%), pulseless electrical activity (5.9%) and widening QRS complex (5.9%). Further research and clinical trials are needed to explore the etiopathogenesis and causative relationship between the use of LCM and arrhythmias.

No abstract

No abstract

Background Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is often used to support the intraoperative course during liver transplantation (LT) for patients with HRS. However, the use of intraoperative CRRT (IOCRRT) is not without its problems. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a planned operation and is possible without IOCRRT as the recipient can be optimized. Aim To study the peritransplant outcomes of patients with CLD and HRS undergoing LT without IOCRRT. Methods Analysis of LT program database for perioperative outcomes in patients with HRS from Feb 2017 to Dec 2018. Results 87/363 (23.9%) adult LDLT patients had HRS, of whom 31 (35.6%) did not respond (NR) to standard medical therapy (SMT) prior to LT. Modified perioperative protocol enabled the NR patients (who were sicker and in persistent renal failure) to undergo LT without IOCRRT. Postoperative renal dysfunction was similar (2 in NR and 2 in R) at 1 year. Post‐LT survival was also not different at one month (83.87% in NR and 87.5% in R [p = .640]) and at 1 year (77% in NR vs 80.4% in non‐responders [p = .709]). Conclusion IOCRRT can be avoided in HRS patients undergoing LDLT without compromising their outcomes (post‐LT survival and RD), even in patients who have not responded to SMT, preoperatively.

No abstract