Dengue fever, chikungunya fever, and zika virus infections are increasing public health problems in the world, the last two diseases having recently emerged in Brazil. This ecological study employed spatial analysis of probable cases of dengue fever, chikungunya fever, and zika virus infections reported to the National Mandatory Reporting System (SINAN) in Maranhao State from 2015 to 2016. The software GeoDa version 1.10 was used for calculating global and local Moran indices. The global Moran index identified a significant autocorrelation of incidence rates of dengue (I=0.10; p=0.009) and zika (I=0.07; p=0.03). The study found a positive spatial correlation between dengue and the population density (I=0.31; p<0.001) and a negative correlation with the Performance Index of Unified Health System (PIUHS) by basic care coverage (I=-0.08; p=0.01). Regarding chikungunya fever, there were positive spatial correlations with the population density (I=0.06; p=0.03) and the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) (I=0.10; p=0.002), and a negative correlation with the Gini index (I=-0.01; p<0.001) and the PIUHS by basic care coverage (I=-0.18; p<0.001). Lastly, we found positive spatial correlations between Zika virus infections and the population density (I=0.13; p=0.005) and the MHDI (I=0.12; p<0.001), as well as a negative correlation with the Gini index (I=-0.11; p<0.001) and the PIUHS by basic care coverage (I=-0.05; p=0.03). Our results suggest that several socio-demographic factors influenced the occurrence of dengue fever, chikungunya fever, and zika virus infections in Maranhao State.
RESUMOApresenta-se uma discussão sobre a identificação, delimitação, caracterização e proteção legal dos ambientes campestres em altitude, rupestres e não-rupestres. Em especial, afere-se a aplicação do arcabouço normativo da Lei Federal n o 11.428, de 2006, (Lei da Mata Atlântica) a esses ambientes. São realizados mapeamentos prospectivos para o Estado de Minas Gerais e para o Quadrilátero Ferrífero, avaliando as tipologias vegetacionais campestres, as estratificações de altitude e a geodiversidade que dá suporte esses ecossistemas. Com base nesses estudos de caso, discute-se a potencial eficácia dos instrumentos de proteção e os fundamentos biogeográficos que interligam biodiversidade ao contexto normativo e social.Palavras-chave: Campos de altitude. Campos rupestres. Lei da Mata Atlântica. Biogeografia. ABSTRACTThe high altitude field environments, with rocky outcrops or not, are discussed in this paper, regarding their identification, delimitation, characterization and legal protection. In particular, the normative framework of the Federal Law n o 11.428, of 2006, (Atlantic Forest Law) is evaluated in terms of protection of these environments. Prospective maps are proposed for Minas Gerais State (Brazil) and for Quadrilátero Ferrífero, assessing the typologies of meadow vegetation, the altitude stratifications and the geodiversity that gives support to these ecosystems. Based on these case studies, the potential efficacy of the protection instruments are discussed, as well as the biogeographic fundaments that interlink the biodiversity with the normative and social context. Keywords: High altitude fields. Rocky fields. Atlantic forest law. Biogeography. INTRODUÇÃO ApresentaçãoOs ambientes naturais em altitude usualmente se diferenciam de seu entorno, em função das diferentes características ambientais, como o solo e o clima, que se refletem diretamente na sua flora e fauna específicas. Muitas dessas áreas possuem ambientes campestres, especialmente em áreas serranas, de chapadas ou planaltos, e que recebem diferentes denominações: campos de altitude, altimontanos, rupestres, páramos, inselbergs, lapiás, canga, tepui, entre outros.Além da importância referente ao alto grau de endemismo de fauna e, principalmente, de
Considerations are presented on discourses and practices of public policies and public budget, regarding territorial development. The considerations are based on the author's experience in government institutions, at state and national level, in the executive and legislative powers in Brazil. This experience is compared to theoretical and applied studies on sustainable regional development, including agrarian reform, small-scale farming, ecological-economic zoning, transport infrastructure, city network hierarchies, and budgetary policies. The discussion shows how, behind discourses of regional development, there may be strategies for maintaining political power which may not always be the most appropriate for improving people's quality of life.
Introduction: Dengue, chikungunya, and Zika are a growing global health problem. This study analyzed the spatial distribution of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika cases in São Luís, Maranhão, from 2015 to 2016 and investigated the association between socioenvironmental and economic factors and hotspots for mosquito proliferation. Methods: This was a socio-ecological study using data from the National Information System of Notifiable Diseases. The spatial units of analysis were census tracts. The incidence rates of the combined cases of the three diseases were calculated and smoothed using empirical local Bayes estimates. The spatial autocorrelation of the smoothed incidence rate was measured using Local Moran's I and Global Moran's I. Multiple linear regression and spatial autoregressive models were fitted using the log of the smoothed disease incidence rate as the dependent variable and socioenvironmental factors, demographics, and mosquito hotspots as independent variables. Results: The findings showed a significant spatial autocorrelation of the smoothed incidence rate. The model that best fit the data was the spatial lag model, revealing a positive association between disease incidence and the proportion of households with surrounding garbage accumulation. Conclusions: The distribution of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika cases showed a significant spatial pattern, in which the high-risk areas for the three diseases were explained by the variable "garbage accumulated in the surrounding environment," demonstrating the need for an intersectoral approach for vector control and prevention that goes beyond health actions.
Abstract:The environmental issues related to aquifer recharge and discharge present challenges that require an interdisciplinary approach. This paper reports an epistemological study on the contribution of different fields of knowledge to the research on hydrogeological processes. The study is based on the hypothesis that this dialog is essential to the resolution of current and future environmental problems, including those related to water use. The first proposition is to discuss epistemological and information management approaches that may contribute to a better spatial, qualitative and quantitative characterization of aquifer recharge. Preliminary conceptual models are developed to demonstrate the possibilities of interdisciplinary collaboration to solve the environmental issues presented here. The paper concludes with a discussion of the possibilities of incorporating knowledge on aquifer recharge into environmental and water resources policies.
This article discusses how new contributions from hydrogeological science in the 20th and 21st centuries have allowed for a better understanding of the processes that affect the maintenance of river flows. Moreover, the way in which this knowledge has been conveyed beyond academia and has been gradually incorporated into public policy for natural resource management is also discussed. This article explains the development of several approaches used to understand the relationships among the management of aquifers, vegetation and river flows, including water balance, aquifer recharge, the piston effect, seasonal effects, and safe and sustainable yields. Additionally, the current challenges regarding the modeling of hydrological processes that integrate groundwater and surface waters are discussed. Examples of studies applied in Brazil that demonstrate these processes and stimulate thought regarding water management strategies are presented. In light of the case studies, it is possible to propose different strategies, each adapted for specific hydrogeological context to maximize aquifer recharge or base flow maintenance. Based on these strategies, the role of infiltration ponds and other artificial recharge techniques is re-evaluated in the context of the mitigation of environmental impacts on the maintenance of river flows. Proposals for the improvement of public policies regarding the payment of related environmental services to stimulate investment in aquifer recharge and the maintenance of base flow, for which the goal is to attain win-win-win situations for the environment, farmers and water users, while preventing land speculation, are discussed. Lastly, a conceptual model for the dissemination of hydrogeological knowledge in public policies is provided, and its challenges and possibilities are discussed.
Resumo: Geociências agrárias e ambientais (GAA) implicam em integrar diversas ciências e conhecimentos que subsidiem a prática da agricultura, silvicultura e zoocultura, de modo conservacionista, no âmbito da gestão de bacia hidrográfica. Uma das áreas protegidas por lei, mas comumente ocupadas, inclusive por desconhecimento de onde se situam nas muitas bacias, são as zonas de recarga de aqüíferos. São áreas sensíveis, nas quais uma simples proibição de atividades agrícolas pode não ser produtivo, visto que existem soluções ecológico-econômicas que seriam não somente viáveis quanto desejáveis. A integração de conhecimentos em Geologia estrutural, Hidrogeologia, Geomorfologia, Geotecnia, Pedologia, Aptidão de solos, Agronomia, Engenharia florestal, Lito-estratigrafia compõe um dos quadros de conhecimentos das GAA. Alguns aspectos da lógica de integração desses conhecimentos é aqui exposta de modo a se evidenciar esse novo ramo das Geociências. A Bacia do Rio Paracatu é alvo de estudo por ser uma região de frente agrícola intensiva. Os conceitos de segurança química, segurança do terreno e de uso agro-florestal intensivo e/ou orgânico compõem o quadro lógico para o auxílio à decisão na gestão de bacia. Decidir simplesmente com a aptidão de solos é limitado do ponto de vista geo-ambiental. Nesse trabalho, essa limitação é proposta a ser ultrapassada com um sistema de auxílio à decisão com uso de Inteligência artificial.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.