O Estado Rio Grande do Sul tem papel de destaque na produção de leite em âmbito nacional e a região sul do estado se destaca como uma das principais bacias leiterias do Estado. Objetivou-se com este estudo caracterizar o perfil zootécnico e sanitário em 51 rebanhos bovinos na microrregião de Pelotas. A partir das informações obtidas por meio de entrevistas construiu-se um banco de dados e obteve-se a descrição dos dados pela indicação de como variam os indivíduos no grupo. Neste estudo, as propriedades apresentaram a mediana de quatro moradores (DI=3) e tempo na pecuária leiteira de 20 anos (DI=26), a área total foi de 40 ha (DI=57), sendo a área destinada exclusivamente a produção leiteira (instalações para os animais e áreas de descanso e pastoreio) de 23 ha (DI=32). As propriedades apresentaram uma mediana de 20 vacas em lactação (DI=26) e cinco vacas secas (DI=7), o efetivo de novilhas a partir de um ano de idade foi nove (DI=16) e o efetivo de terneiras com menos de um ano foi oito (DI=11), o efetivo total do rebanho foi de 44 animais (DI=63). Foi avaliado o efetivo de outras espécies de animais domésticos como cães, equinos, galinhas, suínos, ovinos e caprinos. Foram observadas medianas de três cães (DI=3), dois equinos (DI=1,75), 30 galinhas (DI=30), três suínos (DI=4), quatro ovinos (DI=10) e cinco caprinos (DI=3). Os resultados deste estudo indicam que há uma grande heterogeneidade e uma baixa pluriatividade agrícola no processo produtivo de leite no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, sustentado principalmente por pequenas propriedades, baseado na mão de obra familiar e associado ao uso de tecnologias como a inseminação artificial e ordenha mecânica.
Ice creams have great acceptance and demand by consumers around the world. They are foods obtained through an emulsion of fats and proteins, these ingredients if stored or handled incorrectly can be the source of multiplication of several microorganisms. This work focuses on the microbiological analysis of artesanal and industrial ice cream in two times of the year (winter and summer), performed using the methodology adapted from Silva et al (2010) and the legislative microbiological standards used from RDC No 12 from Anvisa (Brasil, 2001). The main focus was the detection of microorganisms of importance in the food industry, as they are precursors of foodborne diseases epidemics, such as Escherichia Coli, Salmonella, total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, molds, yeasts and aerobic mesophilic bacteria. It was observed in the analysis results that all 30 samples showed growth of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts, that only four (13.33%) did not have total coliforms and none had Salmonella. There was no great difference between the results of the analyzes of samples collected in the summer and winter, the level of contamination in general was high in samples from both seasons.
The article assesses the knowledge of professionals working in Basic Health Units (UBS) in rural areas about diseases transmitted by water and food. The work was carried out in partnership with the Environmental Surveillance sector of the Municipal Health Department of Pelotas and covered UBS in the rural area of the municipality of Pelotas, RS. Two questionnaires were applied to workers at ten UBS. Most of the participants, in the first (73.3%) and in the second questionnaire (79.5%), had not received training on the topics covered, however, they had some knowledge about water and foodborne diseases. Health professionals with a high level of education should have access to basic health and sanitation information. The development of a continuing education program on water quality and food-borne diseases would make these professionals more trained and safer to adequately guide the community about the risks and prevention of DTAs.
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