The subject of the Rájec project (the Drahanská vysočina Upland) consists in the analysis of ecological impacts of intensive management in spruce monocultures growing on original sites of beech. Long-term studies were aimed at particular stand and environment stages after clear-felling regeneration and at the origin of a spruce monoculture of the 2nd generation. The establishment of the spruce monoculture can be considered to be most important. The highest attention was paid to the monoculture both from the aspect of carbon and nitrogen in particular components of the forest stand and their transport processes as well as from the aspect of water regime and biodiversity. The study was also aimed at the first stage of the clear-felled area development after felling a mature stand and also at functions of the herb vegetation, which reached its maximum production 4 to 7 years after felling. The paper objective was to assess spruce monocultures even outside their natural range from the aspect of changes in the forest environment as well as from the aspect of possible global changes of climate.
This paper deals with the development of soil characteristics and its impact on the land price determination in the model territory at the South Moravia region. The available data and map resources were used (price decrees, landuse maps) to evaluate the results. Data processing was performed using the ArcGIS software tools, which created the necessary map and statistical outputs. Within the selected time segments, the quantity and quality of agricultural land is reduced in individual periods up to the present. In most cases, agricultural land is urbanized in favor of city development. For the comparison of the future development, the potential future occupation of agricultural land, which is designed according to the current territorial plan of the municipality, was assessed as well. The article also evaluates the development of the land prices according to valid decrees (historical and current). Furthermore, on the basis of a comparison of the original and updated ESEU, the difference in the price of land in the area under consideration was evaluated. The results show that over the last 180 years, the land had a total value of over 20.6 million CZK within the ESEU (in today´s prices), and according to the land-use plan, there would be another occupation in the total value of about 10 millions CZK. The results also show that the prices of the ESEU are currently 36% higher, on average, than in 2002. If this trend is maintained, a large loss of agricultural land can be expected in the future, coupled with possible problems of sustainable agriculture and, potentially, shortages of food resources.
Soil is a huge reservoir of water used by plants in periods without precipitation and signifi cantly aff ects the hydrological balance of any territory. To evaluate the hydrological balance of any piece of the land given, it is therefore necessary to carry out the analysis of the hydro-physical conditions. To speed up and simplify the determination of basic hydro-physical properties of soil man developed and began to use the so-called pedotransfer functions (PTF). Comparison of domestic and foreign works, however, faces problems such as the defi nition of available water supplies in diff erent countries. In the research project "Specifi cation of the available supplies of nitrogen and water in the soil profi le and determining the eff ective depth of crops' roots" we have dealt with the selection of suitable pedotransfer functions necessary for basic agricultural production with the requirement of minimal amount of input data. For our research we chose several PTFs developed and used in the Czech Republic for a long time, with a minimum of input data, and several new PTFs from foreign authors with greater correlation, but also a greater need of input data, and we compared each other. The best correlation between values and the pedotransfer function for the fi eld water capacity and for the wilting point seems to be the PTF according to Tomasella and PTF according to Batjes. Pedotransfer function according to Váša, in terms of volume of input data, appears better.
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