The comparative assessment of the straw-litter compost (20 t/ha), ammonium nitrate (30 kg/ha N) and micro-fertilizer Azosol 36 Extra effect on soybean productivity and soil fertility in the southwestern part of the Chernozem region was carried out. Three years research found that using compost led to the positive balance of soil humus and macronutrients, increased yield and protein harvesting. The highest value of the soil organic matter net-balance was observed under using compost with ammonium nitrate – 0,52-0,68 %. In addition to this variant, the increase in easily hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil was due to the combined use of mineral fertilizers – from 3.3 to 8.2 mg/kg. The transfer by grouping to a higher supply class in terms of both mobile phosphorus (163-196 mg/kg) and exchangeable potassium (125-168 mg/kg) was associated with the action of compost, which contributed to increasing the element content by 36-47 mg/kg and 5,4-43 mg/kg, respectively. It was likely that the productivity of the early-ripening soybean variety Lancetnaya was due to the nitrogen assimilation mainly from mineral fertilizers, while the mid-ripening variety Belgorodskaya 48 was more responsive to the compost using. The complex application of organic and mineral fertilizers for soybeans provided the highest yield regardless of the soybean variety (3 t/ha) and the positive dynamics of typical chernozem indicators.
The purpose of the research is to study the effect and interaction of straw-litter compost (20 t/ha), ammonium nitrate (30 kg/ha N) and microfertilizer Azosol 36 Extra (2 times 2 l/ha) on the fertility indicators of typical chernozem for soybean cultivation in the southern forest-steppe of the Central Chernozem region. It was found that the increase in fertilization level based on the use of compost contributed to the positive dynamics of organic matter and macronutrients, the formation of higher yields, protein content and collection. The largest increase in organic matter in the soil was in the variants of joint use of compost and ammonium nitrate – 0.52-0.68%. The combination of compost and ammonium nitrate, as well as the complex application of mineral fertilizers, maintained a positive balance of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil from 3.3 to 8.2 mg/kg. Perhaps, the early-ripening soybean variety Lantsetnaya mainly used nitrogen of mineral fertilizers for crop formation, while the mid-ripening variety Belgorodskaya 48 is more responsive to the use of compost. The introduction of compost also caused an increase in mobile phosphorus content in the soil by 36-47 mg/kg and the exchangeable potassium by 5.4-43 mg/kg. This contributed to the transfer by grouping to a higher gradation - to a high class of supply in terms of the content of both mobile phosphorus (163-196 mg/kg) and exchangeable potassium (125-168 mg/kg).
The conditions of activating the photosynthetic activity of soybean varieties of different ripening groups depending on organic and mineral fertilizers in the southern forest-steppe of the Central Chernozem region have been studied. It was found that, on average, over three years of research, crops of the medium-ripening variety Belgorod 48 under the combined application of straw-litter compost (20 t/ha), ammonium nitrate (30 kg/ha N) and Azosol 36 Extra (2 x 2 l/ha) formed the largest leaf surface area – 42.2 thousand m2 / ha, which was on 44% higher than in the control, and the maximum photosynthetic potential 1643 thousand m2·day/ha, which provided the 42% increase. Photosynthesis process in the crops of the early-ripening Lancet variety with the use Azosol was the most productive - on average, during the growing season, 7.1 g/m2·day. Correlation analysis between the studied photosynthetic activity indicators and soybean yield showed that when the fertilization level was saturated, the favorable conditions for the plant growth and development, the photosynthesis intensity and the outflow of synthesized substances into seeds were created. Varietal specificity wasmanifested in the fact that the medium-ripening variety Belgorodskaya 48 used the prolonged action of compost more effectively, while the early- ripening variety Lancet preferred fertilizers based on ammonium nitrate.
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