The article publishes and analyzes materials obtained during the study of the Scythian barrow 11 of the “Garden” group excavated in 2018 near village Glinoe, Slobodzeya district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester, for the first time.The barrow was surrounded by a circular ditch and contained four burials – one infant and three female. The tools from the barrow are represented by knives, spindle-whorls, needle. The only piece of tableware was found and it was a wooden bowl. The adornments (a pair of earrings, two bead necklaces, one bead bracelet, two “elbow bracelets”) were also discovered. Earrings with conical bulges on one of the endings testify to the Thracian influence on the material culture of the Scythians of the North-West Black Sea region. All female graves contained mirrors. Two of them are identical, and both were laid under the body of the buried. One of the mirrors has handle aforethoughtly broken in antiquity. The cult objects are a pendant made of a dog’s tooth and a stone slab, the arrowheads are the only weapons. The barrow dates back to the second half (preferably the third quarter) of the 4th century BC. Finding a quiver set in the grave 4 of barrow 11 of Glinoe/”Garden” group made the authors to analyze the burials of the so-called Scythian “amazons” of the North Black Sea region. It turned out that many of them were attributed with flagrant violations of scientific methods as burials of women-warriors, which is nothing more than modern “myth-making”. As a result, the authors claim that an open-minded analysis allows us to distinguish three groups of Scythian burials with weapons: 1) containing weapons, placement of which reflects certain “ethnographic” features of the rite or the special status of buried; 2) containing arrowheads that may indicate hunting; 3) the burials of warriors with diverse and numerous weapons.
Аннотация. В статье опубликованы и проанализированы материалы, полученные при исследовании кургана 3 группы «Водовод» у с. Глиное Слободзейского района на левобережье Нижнего Днестра. Впускное погребение кургана сохранилось непотревоженным. В нем были обнаружены чернолаковая чашка, два бронзовых наконечника стрел, галька и деревянное блюдо, от которого сохранились железные скрепы, с железным ножом с роговой рукоятью. Судя по набору инвентаря, захоронение принадлежало рядовому общиннику. Наибольший интерес представляет чернолаковая чашка со следами ремонта, свидетельствующими о длительном использовании сосуда. На ее кольцевом поддоне была процарапана тамга. Этот знак имеет аналогии в сарматских комплексах Северного Причерноморья. Однако принадлежность публикуемого комплекса скифской археологической культуре сомнений не вызывает. При этом его дата-рубеж IV-III вв. до н. э.-устанавливается на основании чашки, на которую была нанесена тамга. Таким образом, в настоящее время появление древнейших тамг в Европе следует относить к рубежу IV-III вв. до н. э. и связывать именно со скифской археологической культурой, а не с сарматской. Ключевые слова: скифское погребение, левобережье Нижнего Днестра, чернолаковая чашка, бронзовые наконечники стрел, тамга, рубеж IV-III вв. до н. э.
В работе впервые публикуются результаты раскопок скифских курганов 18 и 19 группы «Водовод», изученных в 2019 г. у с. Глиное Слободзейского района на левобережье Нижнего Днестра. Научные данные, полученные при исследовании этих курганов, позволяют обратить особое внимание на некоторые элементы погребального обряда – сооружение насыпей только над детскими погребениями, устройство ритуальных ям, вторичное использование амфоры, погребения собак на зелёной подмазке, размещение отчленённой головы собаки на перекрытии ямы. На основании хиосской амфоры курган 18 датируется первой половиной V в. до н.э. Это старшая из скифских насыпей могильника. Курган 19, очевидно, был сооружён в IV в. до н.э.
The paper publishes materials obtained during the study of Scythian barrow 4 of the Sluiceway group on the left bank of the Lower Dniester in 2016. The main burial, almost completely robbed in antiquity, was surrounded by a ring ditch with two ruptures - in the northwest and southeast. At the western extremity of the northern arch of the ditch a horses skull was found. Secondary burial of the barrow remained undisturbed. It was done in an oblong pit. Such constructions have not been fixed in the Danube-Dniester steppes so far, except for a pit of similar proportions, excavated in the barrow 5 of the same cemetery as the published complex. The analysis of the funeral rite and a few preserved inventories demonstrates that both burials belonged to ordinary members of the Scythian community. At the same time, the gold holder and bronze earring from the secondary burial have practically no analogies in the Scythian complexes of the steppes of the North-Western Black Sea Region. A nail-shaped earring from the secondary grave testifies to the cultural impulse from the population of the Middle Dniester Region (forest-steppe), reflected in the finery of the Scythians on the left bank of the Lower Dniester in the second half of the 4th century BC.
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