Background:
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) commonly displays Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Effective EGFR degradation results in suppression of tumor in various models. Studies have addressed the relevance of this strategy in the treatment of TNBC. In the present study, we examined the effect of 17 β-estradiol on EGFR expression in MDA-MB-231 (TNBC) cell line and assessed whether 17 β-estradiol degrades EGFR by ubiquitination pathway.
Objectives:
To treat MDA-MB-231 cell lines with Cycloheximide with or without 17β-estrdiol to observe whether 17β-estradiol leads to EGFR degradation. To treat with MG-132 to assess whether degradation occurs through ubiquitination pathway.
Methods:
MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 17β-estradiol (E2) and EGFR expression was studied by western blotting at different intervals by using Cycloheximide chase. To assess the ubiquitination pathway of degradation of EGFR in MDA-MB-231 cell line, MG-132 was used.
Results:
EGFR expression was reduced with β-estradiol treatment in MDA-MB-231 cell line with Cycloheximide chase. Upon Treatment with MG-132 and E2, EGFR expression did not reduce, suggesting that Estrogen degrades EGFR by ubiquitination pathway.
Conclusion:
Estrogen degrades EGFR in MDA-MB-231 cells and this degradation occurs by ubiquitination.
Probiotics have attained significant interest in recent years as a result of their gut microbiome modulation and gastrointestinal health benefits. Numerous fermented foods contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which are considered as GRAS and probiotic bacteria. The present study aimed to investigate indigenous LAB from homemade fermented milk samples collected in remote areas of Karnataka (India), in order to isolate the most potent and well-adapted to local environmental conditions bacteria, which were then evaluated using a step-by-step approach focused on the evaluation of probiotic traits and β-galactosidase-producing ability. LAB were screened using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indole-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal) and
O
-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) as substrate, and exhibited β-galactosidase activity ranging from 728.25 to 1,203.32 Miller units. The most promising isolates were selected for 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and identified as
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
,
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
,
Lactiplantibacillus pentosus
and
Lactiplantibacillus
sp. Furthermore, these isolates were evaluated by
in vitro, viz.
, survival in gastrointestinal tract, antibiotic susceptibility, antimicrobial activity, cell surface characteristics, and haemolytic activity. All eight isolates demonstrated strong adherence and prevented pathogen penetration into HT-29 cells, indicating potential of the bacteria to scale up industrial level production of milk products for lactose intolerants.
limbal stem cell deficiency (lScd) is one of the leading causes of corneal damage. Injury or inflammation in the cornea causes lScd, which may be unilateral or bilateral depending upon the cause. limbal epithelial cell implants successfully improve vision in patients with chemical injury-induced lScd. Transplantation of cultured epithelial stem cells has become a treatment of choice for numerous patients with lScd. Bilateral lScd is frequently observed in the general population, where no residual stem cells are available for ex vivo culture. allografts are associated with a high risk of rejection, neoplasia, and disease transmission. in this respect, allogenic cell populations from other regions in the patient may substitute for allogenic material. in the present study, dental pulp stem cells were cultured in limbal stem cell media and these cells were characterized against limbal stem cells, revealing the significance of using dental pulp stem cell treatment in bilateral lScd. The morphology and culture pattern of both limbal and dental pulp stem cells grown in limbal stem-specific media were similar. Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that stem cell markers were highly expressed in limbal stem cells compared to in dental pulp stem cells, regardless of the medium and scaffold in which they were grown. although dental pulp stem cell molecular expression is quite low at the transcript level, the functional protein level according to immunocytochemistry and western blot analyses demonstrated that stem cells and corneal differentiation molecule levels were quite high, indicating their potential as limbal stem cells in the respective microenvironment.
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