Tissue-Restricted Stem Cells as Starting Cell Source for Efficient Generation of Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Overview

Sundaravadivelu, Pradeep Kumar; Raina, Khyati; Thool, Madhuri; Ray, Arnab; Joshi, Jahnavy Madhukar; Kaveeshwar, Vishwas; Selvaraju, Sudhagar; Lenka, Nibedita; Thummer, Rajkumar P.

doi:10.1007/5584_2021_660

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…Takahashi and Yamanaka first reprogrammed human skin fibroblasts using retroviral vectors expressing the transcription factors OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC ( 15 ). Since then, multiple vectors expressing various types of transcription factors that can reprogram various cells have emerged rapidly with the aim of identifying more efficient and safer transfection methods ( 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ). However, vectors are usually scavenged during host cell division, which may significantly reduce the pluripotency of iPSCs ( 21 , 22 ), or the persistence of vectors limits their potential applications for laboratory safety requirements ( 23 , 24 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reprogramming and multi-lineage transdifferentiation attenuate the tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer cells

Guo,

Wang,

Pang

et al. 2024

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reprogramming and multi-lineage transdifferentiation attenuate the tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer cells

Guo,

Wang,

Pang

et al. 2024

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Another group led by James Thomson later generated stable iPSCs using a partially different reprogramming factor cocktail consisting of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Lin28 to reprogram human fibroblasts (Yu et al 2007 ). Since then, many genes (Dey et al 2022 ) and cell types (Ray et al 2021 ; Sundaravadivelu et al 2021 ) have been identified that play a crucial role in generating iPSCs efficiently. Various technological advancements have been made with an aim to prospectively generate clinical-grade iPSCs for future biomedical applications (Dey et al 2017 , 2021 ; Saha et al 2018a ; Haridhasapavalan et al 2019 , 2020 ; Borgohain et al 2019 ).…”

Section: A Brief Summary Of Crispr and Ipscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is significant as brain tissue is among the most inaccessible tissue systems in the body and brain biopsies are inherently risky. Cell lines derived from any easily accessible region of a patient’s body can be converted into human iPSCs (Dey et al 2017 , 2021 ; Haridhasapavalan et al 2019 ; Borgohain et al 2019 ; Ray et al 2021 ; Sundaravadivelu et al 2021 ). The iPSCs can subsequently be differentiated into the desired cell type by treating it with an optimized cocktail of growth factors and culture conditions (Young 2012 ; Hargus et al 2014 ; Singh et al 2015 ; Tang et al 2016 ; Saha et al 2018b ; Agrawal et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Crispr and Ipscs In Disease Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR and iPSCs: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives in Neurodegenerative Disease Modelling, Research, and Therapeutics

Sen

Thummer

2022

Neurotox Res

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Neurodegenerative diseases are prominent causes of pain, suffering, and death worldwide. Traditional approaches modelling neurodegenerative diseases are deficient, and therefore, improved strategies that effectively recapitulate the pathophysiological conditions of neurodegenerative diseases are the need of the hour. The generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has transformed our ability to model neurodegenerative diseases in vitro and provide an unlimited source of cells (including desired neuronal cell types) for cell replacement therapy. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing has also been gaining popularity because of the flexibility they provide to generate and ablate disease phenotypes. In addition, the recent advancements in CRISPR/Cas9 technology enables researchers to seamlessly target and introduce precise modifications in the genomic DNA of different human cell lines, including iPSCs. CRISPR-iPSC-based disease modelling, therefore, allows scientists to recapitulate the pathological aspects of most neurodegenerative processes and investigate the role of pathological gene variants in healthy non-patient cell lines. This review outlines how iPSCs, CRISPR/Cas9, and CRISPR-iPSC-based approaches accelerate research on neurodegenerative diseases and take us closer to a cure for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and so forth.

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“…Different from primary cells, iPSCs are easily attainable and able to mature into almost any desired cell type. In general, they can be formed by reprogramming cells obtained from a tissue biopsy or from more accessible sources such as peripheral blood, renal epithelial cells, or dental pulp[ 4 , 5 ]. These characteristics, as opposed to primary cells, have promoted more reliable models for complex human structures such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB)[ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current overview of induced pluripotent stem cell-based blood-brain barrier-on-a-chip

Alves¹,

Nucci²,

Valle³

et al. 2023

World J Stem Cells

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BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show great ability to differentiate into any tissue, making them attractive candidates for pathophysiological investigations. The rise of organ-on-a-chip technology in the past century has introduced a novel way to make in vitro cell cultures that more closely resemble their in vivo environments, both structural and functionally. The literature still lacks consensus on the best conditions to mimic the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for drug screening and other personalized therapies. The development of models based on BBB-on-a-chip using iPSCs is promising and is a potential alternative to the use of animals in research. AIM To analyze the literature for BBB models on-a-chip involving iPSCs, describe the microdevices, the BBB in vitro construction, and applications. METHODS We searched for original articles indexed in PubMed and Scopus that used iPSCs to mimic the BBB and its microenvironment in microfluidic devices. Thirty articles were identified, wherein only 14 articles were finally selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data compiled from the selected articles were organized into four topics: (1) Microfluidic devices design and fabrication; (2) characteristics of the iPSCs used in the BBB model and their differentiation conditions; (3) BBB-on-a-chip reconstruction process; and (4) applications of BBB microfluidic three-dimensional models using iPSCs. RESULTS This study showed that BBB models with iPSCs in microdevices are quite novel in scientific research. Important technological advances in this area regarding the use of commercial BBB-on-a-chip were identified in the most recent articles by different research groups. Conventional polydimethylsiloxane was the most used material to fabricate in-house chips (57%), whereas few studies (14.3%) adopted polymethylmethacrylate. Half the models were constructed using a porous membrane made of diverse materials to separate the channels. iPSC sources were divergent among the studies, but the main line used was IMR90-C4 from human fetal lung fibroblast (41.2%). The cells were differentiated through diverse and complex processes either to endothelial or neural cells, wherein only one study promoted differentiation inside the chip. The construction process of the BBB-on-a-chip involved previous coating mostly with fibronectin/collagen IV (39.3%), followed by cell seeding in single cultures (36%) or co-cultures (64%) under controlled conditions, aimed at developing an in vitro BBB that mimics the human BBB for future applications. CONCLUSION This review evidenced technological advances in the construction of BBB models using iPSCs. Nonetheless, a definitive BBB-on-a-chip has not yet been achieved, hindering the applicability of the models.

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Tissue-Restricted Stem Cells as Starting Cell Source for Efficient Generation of Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Overview

Cited by 9 publications

References 181 publications

Reprogramming and multi-lineage transdifferentiation attenuate the tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer cells

Reprogramming and multi-lineage transdifferentiation attenuate the tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer cells

CRISPR and iPSCs: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives in Neurodegenerative Disease Modelling, Research, and Therapeutics

Current overview of induced pluripotent stem cell-based blood-brain barrier-on-a-chip

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