Differential distribution of gold nanoparticles with respect to surface charges on monolayer cell culture, multicellular spheroids and in mouse models.
The
1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is one
of the key coenzymes that participates in various metabolic processes
including maintaining the redox balance. Early information on the
imbalance of NADH is crucial in the context of diagnosing the pathogenic
conditions. Thus, a dual-channel fluorescent probe (MQN) is developed for tracking of NADH/NAD(P)H in live cells. In the
presence of NADH, only it showed emission signals at 460 and 550 nm
upon excitation at 390 and 450 nm, respectively. The probe could provide
accurate information on NADH levels in cancer cells (HeLa) and normal
cells (WI-38). We observed that the NADH level in cancer cells (HeLa)
is relatively higher than that in normal WI-38 cells. We received
similar information on NADH upon calibrating with a commercial NADH
kit. Moreover, we evaluated substrate-specific NADH expression in
the glycolysis pathway and oxidative phosphorylation process. Also,
the dual-channel probe MQN has visualized NADH manipulation
in the course of depletion of GSH to maintain cellular redox balance.
This dual-channel molecular probe MQN comes out as a
new detection tool for NADH levels in live cells and tumor mimic spheroids.
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