Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to ground in serious empirical evidence the debate on whether the post-reform acceleration in growth has helped bring poverty down for all economic, social and religious groups and in all state or has left certain groups or states.

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Herein, the synthesis and supramolecular self‐assembly of naphthalenediimide (NDI)‐tetraphenylethene (TPE) conjugates with l‐alanine (coded as: 1) and d‐alanine (coded as: 2) was investigated. The pair stereoisomer molecules were designed to undergo self‐assembly under solvophobic effects. Mixtures of THF–water was used to fine tune the solvophobic effect leading to microbelt for both 1 and 2 in 40% v/v of THF in H2O, while microbelt and particulate microsphere supramolecular structures were observed in 20%, v/v THF in H2O. When 10% THF in H2O was employed derivative 1 produces belt‐like structures, however, 2 produces microsphere. Less uniformly defined microstructure morphologies of 1 and 2 were formed in THF/hexane and DCM/hexane. The solvophobic effect on self‐assembly further evidenced using UV/Vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopies. DLS used to evaluate formation of assembly in solution, DFT (density functional theory) and TD‐DFT (time dependent density functional theory) molecular modelling support the hypothesis. Scanning electron microscopy used to visualise formation of supramolecular self‐assembled nano‐ and micro‐structures.

The use of light as an external stimulus to control organic supramolecular structures can play an important role in molecular devices. Photoswitchable azobenzenes are well suited for such applications due to their photoresponsive properties and a thermally induced reversal from the cis to the thermodynamically stable trans state. In this work, we have demonstrated for the first time that an azobenzene-based tetraphenylethylene (TPE) system capable of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior can act as a molecular glue that can noncovalently functionalize multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The resulting photoresponsive, noncovalent hybrid material shows reversible conductivity switching upon irradiation with light by making use of the reversible cis–trans isomerization.

Construction of hybrid three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical nanostructures via self-assembly of organic and inorganic compounds have recently attracted immense interest from scientists due to their unique properties and promise in a large range of applications. In this article, hybrid flower structures were successfully constructed by self-assembly an antibiotic, kanamycin, with Cu 2+. The flower-like morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy, to be approximately 4 µm in diameter and about 10 nm in thickness. FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the antibiotic-inorganic hybrid structure was uniform composition, and showed crystallinity due to ordered self-assembly. The hybrid flowers showed high photocatalytic activity towards degradation of methyl blue during 240 minutes under visible light irradiation. A possible mechanism of photocatalytic activity was also proposed, that exposes the inherent advantages in using antibiotic-inorganic hybrid flowers as photocatalysts, where self-assembly can be used to generate active, high surface area structures for photodegradation of pollutants.