This present study emphasizes the inhibition capacity of a local inhibitor, Plant Extract (PE) on structure I (sI) gas hydrate. The Plant Extract (PE) was screened using a mini flow loop made of 316 stainless steel of internal diameter of 0.5-inch encased in a 4-inch PVC pipe skid mounted on a metal frame work fitted with pressure and temperature gauges, mixer vessel, pumps and control switches. Pressure and Temperature readings were recorded for 120 minutes. Plots of Pressure and Temperature versus Time for 1, 2 and 3wt% of the local inhibitor alongside Pressure versus Time plot of PE and MEG were done as a way of comparison. Calculations for Inhibition Efficiency (IE) for local inhibitor PE and MEG was also done. 1wt% of the plant extract (PE) had a high inhibition efficiency of 84.21% while 2 and 3wt% had inhibition efficiency of 60.53% and 73.68% respectively. The overall inhibition efficiency of Plant Extract (PE) was higher than that of MEG for 1wt% (60.53%) and 2wt% (55.26%) but had the same efficiency at 3wt% (73.68%). The optimum weight percentage for PE is 1wt% because of its high efficiency. It is clearly shown that Plant Extract (PE) is a better gas hydrate inhibitor which is gotten from nature and is environmentally friendly unlike Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) which is synthetic and toxic to both human and aquatic life. It is therefore recommended for field trial.
As deep-water activities and development into deeper operations (depth of 6,000ft or more) increases, temperatures and pressures become favorable for hydrate nucleation and growth. This results in additional risk and challenges as to how to prevent formation of gas hydrates. This paper takes a look at the performance of a local surfactant derived from plant material in a laboratory mini flow loop made of a 0.5-inch internal diameter 316 stainless steel pipe enclosed in a 4-inch PVC pipe mounted on an external metal frame work. The performance of the local surfactant (Surf. X) was compared with that of the conventional hydrate inhibitor N-Vinyl Caprolactam (N-VCap). Varying weights of Surf. X were evaluated in the laboratory mini flow loop. Pressure versus Temperature, change in Pressure versus Time plots showed that Surf. X performed better than the conventional N-VCap in almost all the concentrations considered (except at 0.04wt %). The optimum concentration for inhibition was 0.02wt% with inhibition efficiency of 81.58% while that of N-VCap was 77.19%. The inhibition efficiency of Surf. X for 0.01, 0.03 and 0.04wt % were 72.81% and 75.44% respectively. Surf. X is locally sourced, readily available in commercial quantity and also eco-friendly because it is plant based unlike the N-VCap which is toxic and expensive. It is advised that the local surfactant X be developed as an alternative to the conventional inhibitor for gas hydrate inhibition.
This paper takes a look at the performance of a Locally Sourced Material (LSM) in a laboratory mini flow loop of ½ -inch internal diameter, made from 316 stainless steel pipe sheathed in a 4-inch PVC pipe built on an external metal frame work. The performance of the LSM was measured with that of the conventional hydrate inhibitor 2-(Dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate (2-DMAEM). The performance evaluation was based on Pressure versus time, change in pressure versus time and initial and final pressure versus time plots. These plots showed that LSM performed better than the conventional 2-DMAEM in all the weight percentages considered (0.01wt% −0.03wt %). The optimum weight percentage for inhibition was 0.02wt% with inhibition efficiency of 81.58% while that of 2-DMAEM was 73.68%. The inhibition efficiency for 0.01wt% and 0.03wt% of LSM wereboth 72.81% whereas that of 2-DMAEM were 51.75% and 76.32% respectively. The LSM is locally sourced, readily available in commercial quantity and also eco-friendly because it is plant based unlike the 2-DMAEM which is toxic and expensive. It is advised that the LSM be developed as an alternative to the conventional inhibitor for gas hydrate inhibition.
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