The use of a bench-scale high pressure apparatus to evaluate the effectiveness of a locally sourced material as gas hydrate inhibitor

Elechi, Virtue Urunwo; Ikiensikimama, Sunday Sunday; Akaranta, Onyewuchi; Ajienka, J.A.; Onyekonwu, Mike; Okon, Okon Efiong

doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00300

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Experiments were run using a locally designed and fabricated laboratory Mini Flow Loop (Institute of Petroleum Studies Flow loop). For details of its specification and operation including how the experiments were carried out refer to [19,[5][6][7]. For the materials and methods as well as plant description, refer to [8]…”

Section: Experimental Set Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need for the use of chemicals that are more advantageous to human lives and the environment is key. This necessitated research in the use of naturally occurring plant extracts (which are water soluble and need no modification) to solve the problem of gas hydrate formation [5][6][7]. This work considers the use of such extract from Caricaceae family to inhibit gas hydrate with the aim of reducing environmental foot prints caused by synthetic chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory evaluation of caricaceae plant as a locally sourced surfactant for gas hydrate inhibition in a laboratory mini flow loop

et al. 2021

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The oil and gas business is serious business and involves millions of dollars so whatever mitigates flow assurance is taken seriously. One of such things is natural gas hydrates. Hydrates are crystalline solids formed when water under low temperatures and high pressures encapsulated natural gases (C1–C4). They form blockages and impede the flow of gas which can lead to the loss of millions of dollars and at times lead to personnel death. Mitigation of gas hydrates has always been with chemicals especially for areas like deep offshore where accessibility is difficult. The chemicals that are in use currently are generally synthetic, expensive and hazardous to lives and environment hence the need for readily available locally sourced materials that are eco-friendly. This study considers and screens a locally sourced surfactant from the plant family caricaceae’ Extract (CE) as a gas hydrate inhibitor in a locally fabricated 39.4-inch mini flow loop of ½ inch internal diameter (ID) which mimics the offshore environment. Various pressure plots (pressure versus time, initial and final pressure versus time and change in pressure versus time) show that the CE performed better than MEG with percentage volumes of gas left in the system for 0.01–0.05 wt% of the extract having values that ranged from 76.7 to 87.33, while volume left for MEG ranged between 70 and 74.67% (1–5 wt%). The CE performed better in small doses compared to those of MEG, in all weight percentages of study. Furthermore, the inhibition capacities which show the level of performance of the inhibitors was also used as a measure of inhibition for both inhibitors. The CE inhibited systems had values of 69.3, 80.7, 78.07, 79.82, and 83.3%, while that of the MEG inhibited system was 60.53, 55.26, 73.68, 72.81, and 66.67% for the various weight percentages considered. The CE should be developed as gas hydrate inhibitors due to its effectiveness and eco-friendliness.

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Section: Experimental Set Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory evaluation of caricaceae plant as a locally sourced surfactant for gas hydrate inhibition in a laboratory mini flow loop

et al. 2021

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Mitigation capacity of an eco-friendly locally sourced surfactant for gas hydrate inhibition in an offshore environment

Elechi

Ikiensikimama

Ajienka

et al. 2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Gas hydrate inhibition is very key and has become more sensitive as oil and gas exploration goes into deeper terrains especially deep offshore as a result of technological advancement. Use of chemicals has been the most efficient and cost effective in these areas. These chemicals add to the cost of doing oil and gas business and also cause harm to the environment; hence, research has been going on for more eco-friendly and cost-efficient inhibitors. This study takes a look at a locally sourced surfactant as one of such inhibitors. Varying weight percentages of the LSS were screened in a locally fabricated laboratory mini flow loop of 39.4 m with an internal diameter of 0.5 inch mounted on an external frame work. The various pressure plots (pressure vs. time, change in pressure vs. time, initial and final pressures vs. time) show that the LSS used in very small percentages performed better than the synthetic inhibitor methanol (MeOH) used in higher weight percentage than the LSS. The final pressures for MeOH for 1–5 wt% were 104, 111, 123, 120 and 123 psi while those of the LSS were 115, 128, 125, 127 and 131 psi, respectively, for 0.01–0.05 wt%, respectively. This means that the system with LSS had more stable pressure values than those of MeOH. Similarly, the change in pressure at the end of 120 min for MeOH was 46, 39, 27, 30 and 27 psi against 35, 22, 25, 23 and 19 psi for LSS. This was an indication that more gas was used up in the system with MeOH than in the system with LSS. The mitigation capacity of the LSS in percentage was calculated to be 69.30, 80.71, 78.07, 79.82 and 83.3% for 0.01–0.05 wt% while MeOH had values of 59.65, 65.79, 76.32, 73.68 and 76.32% for 1–5 wt%, respectively. This showed that the LSS inhibited hydrates better than MeOH in all the weight percentages considered. There is need to harness and develop the LSS for gas hydrate mitigation because it performed better than MeOH which is a known toxicant to man, terrestrial and aquatic habitat.

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Phytochemical characterization of selected agro-waste extracts as kinetic inhibitors in methane hydrates formation

Okon,

Ajienka,

Ikiensikimama

et al. 2024

Results in Engineering

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The use of a bench-scale high pressure apparatus to evaluate the effectiveness of a locally sourced material as gas hydrate inhibitor

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Laboratory evaluation of caricaceae plant as a locally sourced surfactant for gas hydrate inhibition in a laboratory mini flow loop

Laboratory evaluation of caricaceae plant as a locally sourced surfactant for gas hydrate inhibition in a laboratory mini flow loop

Mitigation capacity of an eco-friendly locally sourced surfactant for gas hydrate inhibition in an offshore environment

Phytochemical characterization of selected agro-waste extracts as kinetic inhibitors in methane hydrates formation

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