Establishing the treatment strategy for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer is based on their imaging and immunohistochemical evaluation. Depending on the stage of tumor invasion and its aggressiveness, is individualized, surgical, oncological, or both treatment. The most important factor for establishing these protocols is the impact of the tumor on intra- and perilesional colorectal vasculature and implicitly on the process of vascular neoformation in the paraneoplastic syndrome. In this regard, we studied a group of patients, colonoscopically diagnosed with colorectal cancer. The study method was to compare the expression of CD34 tumor marker with EMVI (extramural vascular invasion) staging criteria. The results of our study were compared with the intraoperative aspects. In all cases studied tumor extension reached to at least intestinal muscle layer. We conclude that expression of the CD34 marker has always been increased in correlation with EMVI 3-4 stages. In 2 patients with EMVI score 2, the immunohistochemical marker expression was 6% above the maximum threshold. The expression of vascular endothelial proliferation marker is closely correlated with the EMVI score - these values increase proportionally. The use of both criteria for establishing neovasculogenesis, significantly increases the predictability of postoperative progression and long-term survival.
Nitroglycerin has traditionally been used in medicine for over 130 years for its potent dilator effect on both venous and arterial blood vessels. Cardiovascular ischemic diseases are among the classic indications. However, the possibility to incorporate nitroglycerin in different galenic forms renders it new therapeutic potential through topical application, both in surgery and in dermatology (Raynaud syndrome, chondrodermatitis, pernio erythema, alopecia areata, ulcers of different etiologies). Nitroglycerin is used for topical treatment as 0.5%, 1% or 2% ointment, lower concentrations limiting the probability of systemic adverse effects occurence.
Colorectal cancer is a malignant disease with high morbidity and mortality. Ki-67 is a marker of cell proliferation associated with a low survival in colorectal cancer patients. Its expression is increased in patients with Dukes C or D colorectal cancer versus those in stage A or B. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of the Ki-67 marker in colorectal adenocarcinomas. The study was performed on a group of 28 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer. We made the histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of patients in the study group. The evaluation was performed on the sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and for mucinous forms, on sections stained with alcian blue. The topography of the Ki-67 reaction is strictly nuclear, evident in areas with intense proliferative activity. In cases with a strong positive response to Ki-67, the prognosis is worse, with invasion of the perirectal tissues and metastases. The lack of Ki-67 expression in nearby neoplastic tissues suggests that cancerous tissue proliferates in a pathway that it is not correlated with adjacent tissues. The Ki-67 could be useful in the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.
Ureterohydronephrosis is a urological disease that can affect pregnant women in any trimester, but it also occur physiologically in the second trimester. The study included a group of 119 pregnant women diagnosed with ureterohydronephrosis. The diagnostic difficulties of the urological pathology in pregnancy are outweighed by the contribution of the biochemical assessment of patients, correlated with non-invasive imaging investigations. The results of the study highlight the peculiarities of these investigations in this group of patients and the possibilities of differential diagnosis.
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