Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with a rise in the level of blood glucose. Individuals with diabetes mellitus are more likely to develop hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness due to macro- and microvascular complications. The extent to which auditory and vestibular functions are impaired in individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus is still under debate. Objective To systematically review studies focusing on auditory and vestibular functions in individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Data Synthesis A search was conducted in the PubMed, MedlinePlus, Ingenta Connect and Google Scholar databases for articles published until June 2019. A total of 15,980 articles were primarily retrieved, 33 of which were shortlisted based on the inclusion criteria set by the investigators for the systematic review. Out of 33 full-length articles, 26 evaluated the functioning of the auditory system, while 7 evaluated the functioning of the vestibular system. Most studies related to auditory functioning reported a significant effect of type-2 diabetes mellitus on the peripheral auditory system, whereas studies on vestibular functioning reported no significant effect of diabetes mellitus on the functioning of the peripheral vestibular end-organ. Conclusion Overall, the results of various audiological and peripheral vestibular tests reveal distinctive peripheral and/or central auditory and vestibular end-organ impairments in individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Background: Noise exposure damages cochlear hair cells resulting in sensorineural hearing loss along with other symptoms like tinnitus and vertigo. One source of loud sound exposure in young adults is personal music systems (PMS). The present study investigated the auditoryrelated symptoms in regular PMS users by administering a questionnaire on PMS usage and associated symptoms in individuals who were regular users of PMS and compared results with non-regular PMS users.Material and methods: There were 260 young adults who participated in the study. Individuals who used PMS for ≥1 hour per day at a volume control setting of ≥60% for ≥2 years were considered regular PMS users, while other participants were considered non-regular PMS users. A custom-made questionnaire with a total of 24 questions was administered to all participants.Results: Statistical analysis indicated that the occurrence of symptoms such as reduced hearing and vertigo were significantly higher in regular PMS users than in non-regular users. However, other symptoms such as tinnitus, difficulty in perception of speech in noisy situations, ear pain, and headache were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions:The findings substantiate the harmful effects of regular PMS usage on hearing and related functions. They also document the incidence of associated symptoms.
Background: Prolonged exposure to occupational noise can lead to various audiological and non-audiological effects. The present study is a preliminary investigation of the temporal resolution ability of traffic police officers who had a history of exposure to traffic noise for at least 5 years. Material and methods:The study focused on an experimental group of 20 traffic police officers and a control group of 20 agematched individuals without noise exposure. A gap detection test (GDT) and a test of modulation detection thresholds for sinusoidally amplitude modulated noise (TMTF) at 8 Hz, 20 Hz, and 60 Hz were administered to all the participants.Results: ANOVA was carried out to check for significant different in performance between the groups, which suggested a main effect of groups. A further t-test was done and no significant difference (p>0.05) between the groups in test performance was observed, suggesting that temporal resolution is not significantly affected in traffic police exposed to traffic noise. Conclusions:The present study findings may be attributed to various factors that control the effect of noise on humans. These factors are discussed. However, the population cannot be considered as free from noise-related harms since nonauditory effects of traffic noise, including sleep disturbances, annoyance, hypertension, and stress, have been reported in earlier studies. More research is needed to clarify the situation.
Background:The Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) is a measure of an individual's ability to tolerate background noise while listening to speech. Based on their ANL scores, people can be categorised into 'low' , 'mid' , or 'high' ANL groups. However, there are reports of subtle central auditory effects on the variation of ANL in normal hearing subjects. Because these reports are based on various objective test findings and interpretations, process-based central auditory testing and subjective authentication is essential in order to understand central involvement in individuals with various degrees of ANL.Methods: A total of 106 Kannada-speaking adults with normal hearing sensitivity participated in the study. Their ANLs were measured and they were then classified into 'low' , 'mid' , and 'high' groups. The temporal resolution abilities in these participants were tested using the Gap in Noise (GIN) test.Results: Descriptive analysis along with parametric statistical evaluations were carried out to compare the GIN scores of the three groups. One-way ANOVA revealed that the GIN scores were not statistically different (p>0.05) between the groups. Conclusions:The result suggests that the temporal resolution of individuals with varying degrees of ANLs is comparable. The absence of temporal resolution difficulties in individuals with varying degrees of ANL do not necessarily contradict earlier reports, as they could have other central auditory processing difficulties. More research is required to clarify these difficulties.
Background: Auditory processing abilities in children with dyslexia and reading disabilities have been widely studied using various behavioral and electrophysiological measures. However explorations in children with (C)APD without reading disability are lacking, and the present study was designed to fill that gap. Materials and method:The study comprised an experimental group and a control group, the former having 15 children at risk of (C)APD without reading difficulties and the latter 15 typically developing children. Behavioral tests for (C)APD were administered to participants in both groups, and included the gap detection test (GDT), pitch pattern test (PPT), dichotic consonant vowel test (DCV), speech perception in noise (SPIN), and masking level difference (MLD) test. Results:Children who were at risk of (C)APD without reading deficit displayed higher thresholds in GDT and gained poorer scores on PPT as well as SPIN when compared to the group of typically developing children. However, the performance on MLD and DCV were comparable between the groups. Conclusions:The present study suggests a combination of GDT, PPT, and SPIN as a possible sensitive tool in clinics for indicating central auditory deficits in children at risk of (C)APD without reading deficits. DCV and MLD were not sensitive. Keywords: central auditory processing disorders • gap detection test • pitch pattern test • speech in noise test • dichotic CV test • masking level difference test • early reading skills EvaluaCión dEl CoMpoRtaMiEnto dE los niños sin pRoBlEMas dE lECtuRa y Con RiEsgo dE sufRiR tRastoRnos dEl pRoCEsaMiEnto auditivo CEntRalResumen introducción: El tema de la capacidad del procesamiento auditivo en los niños con problemas de dislexia y de lectura se ha estudiado ampliamente con ayuda de varias mediciones de comportamiento y pruebas electrofisiológicas. Sin embargo, faltan estudios sobre los niños con trastornos centrales del procesamiento auditivo [(Central) Auditory Processing Disorders -(C) ADP] que saben leer. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido el de llenar este vacío.Materiale y métodos: El estudio se ha realizado con participación del grupo experimental y grupo de control. El primer grupo estaba formado por 15 niños en situación de riesgo de (C) APD sin dificultad de lectura. El segundo contaba con 15 niños con desarrollo típico. Ambos grupos fueron sometidos a pruebas de diagnóstico de conducta para detectar (C) APD, incluyendo la prueba de detección de pausas en el ruido (gap detection test-GDT), prueba de patrones de tonos (pitch pattern test-PPT), prueba de audición dicótica de reconocimiento de consonantes y vocales (dichotic consonant-vowel test -DCV), percepción del habla en el ruido (speech percepction in noise -SPIN) y prueba para evaluación de diferencias en los niveles de enmascaramiento (masking level difference test -MLD).Resultados: Los niños sin problemas de lectura, pero pertenecientes al grupo de riesgo de (C) APD, mostraron umbrales GDT más altos y resultados en las pruebas PPT y SPIN peores que...
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