This article presents a novel OT analysis of ternary rhythm, using the restrictive format of McCarthy (2003)'s categorical alignment constraints, which we will refer to as ‘non-intervention constraints’, using the terminology of Ellison (1994), and argues for the rehabilitation of internally layered feet in metrical representations (i.e. feet with one layer of recursion). By means of a computer-generated factorial typology, we demonstrate that the constraint set proposed here generates the full typology of binary and ternary rhythm. The resulting typology suggests that there is no absolute boundary between binary and ternary systems; rather, a continuum emerges, such that binary and ternary feet may coexist in rhythmic stress systems.
This article presents a reanalysis of the foot-based phonology of Chugach Alutiiq (henceforth CA), a language that displays a complex mixed ternary-binary rhythm, as well as metrically conditioned distributions of pitch, fortition and vowel lengthening. Elaborating on earlier analyses of CA that had posited some kind of ternary constituent (Hewitt, 1991(Hewitt, , 1992Leer, 1985aLeer, , 1985bLeer, , 1985cRice, 1992), we propose CA should be analyzed by means of the Internally Layered Ternary (ILT) foot, a minimal recursive foot (Prince, 1980;Selkirk, 1980), which was recently revived in a typological study of binary-ternary stress (Martínez-Paricio & Kager, 2015). It will be argued that ILT feet capture CA's puzzling dual behavior of unstressed and stressed syllables straightforwardly by referring to the status of syllables as heads or dependents of minimal or non-minimal feet. After showing the value of ILT feet in the analysis of CA rhythmic and segmental patterns, we turn to our analytical focus, the distributions of high and low pitch. This distribution is arguably metrically conditioned, yet an analysis based on stress or standard binary feet cannot capture it, whereas the ILT approach can. To highlight the advantages of our approach, we end by offering brief comparisons with previous analyses of CA.Keywords: metrical phonology; phonological representations; ternary stress; metrically conditioned pitch. RESUMEN:Tonos condicionados por la estructura métrica y pies mínimamente recursivos en Chugach Alutiiq. -Este artículo presenta un reanálisis de diversos aspectos fonológicos de la lengua esquimal Chugach Alutiiq (de ahora en adelante, CA): la asignación de acentos rítmicos (binarios y ternarios), la distribución de los tonos alto y bajo, el fortalecimiento de algunas consonantes y el alargamiento de determinadas vocales. Influidos por análisis previos de la lengua que postularon la existencia de algún tipo de constituyente prosódico ternario en CA (Hewitt, 1991(Hewitt, , 1992Leer 1985aLeer , 1985bLeer , 1985cRice, 1992), proponemos que la fonología métrica de CA debe analizarse por medio de un pie Ternario Mínimamente Recursivo (TMR); estas estructuras fueron originariamente propuestas por Prince (1980) y Selkirk (1980), y han sido recientemente retomadas en un estudio tipológico sobre el ritmo binario y ternario (Martínez-Paricio & Kager, 2015). A lo largo del artículo se demostrará que todos estos procesos pueden recibir un análisis fonológico sencillo si se incorporan, entre las posibles representaciones métricas del lenguaje, los pies TMR. Concretamente, se demostrará que el pie TMR permite dar cuenta del comportamiento dual de las sílabas tónicas y átonas en CA mediante la referencia al estatus específico de estas sílabas bien como núcleos o dependientes de un pie mínimo o no mínimo. Tras resaltar el papel que desempeñan los pies recursivos en diversos patrones rítmicos y segmentales de CA, nos centramos en el análisis de la distribución de los tonos alto y bajo en esta lengua. El artículo se ...
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mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">This article investigates the interaction of gliding and default stress in Spanish and provides a unified constraint-based analysis of the two phenomena. It is argued that a better understanding of the representations/constraints responsible for the default patterns of gliding and stress in Spanish is achieved when syllabic and metrical structure are treated as interdependent. The originality of the proposal lies in the idea that, contrary to most common patterns of extrametricality at the edges of words, word final consonants and word final offglides are claimed to be the only moraic codas in the language. Within the present analysis, default patterns of gliding and stress are accomplished via the interaction of well-established markedness constraints, whereas exceptions to default (i.e. marked stress and the so-called exceptional hiatus) are all explained by the same mechanism, i.e. lexical prosodic specifications to which output must be faithful.</span><!--EndFragment-->
Resum. El Model de les Estructures Paral•leles i l'afebliment de la /s/ implosiva en espanyol. En aquest article es presenten les premisses fonamentals del Model de les Estructures Paral•leles, un model fonològic relativament recent dins el paradigma de la fonologia autosegmental, i s'aplica per primera vegada a dades de l'espanyol. En concret, el treball se centra a il•lustrar els avantatges explicatius que comporta l'adopció del Model de les Estructures Paral•leles en el cas de l'anàlisi de les realitzacions de la /s/ en posició de coda seguida d'oclusiva sorda en interior de paraula, perquè l'àmplia gamma de realitzacions documentades per a aquest context en les varietats aspirants de l'espanyol planteja un repte important per a les teories representacionals actuals sobre la composició interna dels segments.
Resumen. En la adquisición del sistema fónico de una segunda lengua (L2) al aprendiz no le basta con familiarizarse con los nuevos sonidos nuevos de la L2, sino que debe interiorizar las pautas distribucionales de los segmentos y las restricciones silábicas propias de la L2. El objetivo de este trabajo es, por un lado, reflexionar sobre los factores lingüísticos y contrastivos que pueden influir en la adquisición de las restricciones silábicas del español como lengua extranjera y, por otro lado, presentar las nuevas funciones de la base de datos multilingüe L1-L2map que permiten, precisamente, realizar análisis contrastivos de la estructura silábica de una lengua nativa (L1) y una L2. A lo largo del artículo se revisarán las principales restricciones silábicas activas en español y, a partir del uso de L1-L2map, se discutirán aquellas áreas que, posiblemente, resultarán más problemáticas a los aprendices de esta lengua en función de su L1. Asimismo, se repasarán algunas de las estrategias y modificaciones más frecuentes en la interlengua de los aprendices al enfrentarse a nuevos tipos silábicos.Palabras clave: Análisis contrastivo, pronunciación, restricciones silábicas, adquisición de una L2[en] Use of contrastive syllabic information in L1-L2map for Spanish pronunciation teaching Abstract. In the acquisition of a second language (L2) sound system, learners must not only acquire the new sounds and sound contrasts of the L2, but they must also internalize the distributional patterns and syllabic constraints active in the L2. This article discusses some linguistic and contrastive aspects that can influence the acquisition of Spanish L2 syllable structure and presents the new functions of L1-L2map, a multilingual database that allows comparing the syllable structure of languages. In the course of the article the main syllable restrictions active in Spanish will be reviewed and the L1-L2map database will be used to highlight those pronunciation areas that are likely to be problematic for language learners depending on their particular native language (L1s). Additionally, some of the most frequent strategies and modifications in the learner's interlanguage when encountering new syllable types will be briefly sketched. Índice. 1. Introducción. 2. El análisis contrastivo básico. 2.1. Aciertos y limitaciones del enfoque contrastivo. 2.2. Contrastes y oposiciones segmentales en la base de datos L1-L2map. 3. El análisis contrastivo de las restricciones silábicas. 3.1. Principales restricciones silábicas en español. 3.2. La información silábica en L1-L2map (con especial atención al español). 3.3. Otros factores que condicionan la adquisición de las restricciones silábicas. 3.3.1. La marcadez. 3.3.2. La sonicidad. 3.4. Modificaciones frecuentes ante nuevas estructuras silábicas. 4. Recapitulación y conclusiones. Agradecimientos. Referencias bibliográficas.
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