Background: in the recent past dermatophytosis are being highly prevalent, main culprit behind is inappropriate use of antifungal agents and self-medications which is leading to exponential rise in global burden superficial fungal infections, and antifungal drug resistance. Clinician's management pattern data collection on time to time to have a check on the resistance/sensitivity pattern of the commonly prescribed antifungals in clinical grounds is important. Aims and objectives: The present study was to describe the pattern of antifungal drug prescription and self-medication for common superficial fungal infections of skin in dermatology OPD in tertiary care hospital of Chhattisgarh. Materials and Methods: Current study was a cross sectional unicentric study conducted at Dermatology OPD of Pt J.N.M. Medical College Raipur, the data collection for this observational study was undertaken for a period of six months. All patients attending the dermatology OPD with tinea infections were included in the study. This study was designed to record parameters include information related to demographic, disease profile, medications prescribed, number of drugs, dosage & duration were reported. Self medication pattern was also being observed during this study. Results: A total of 17286 patients attended dermatology OPD and 42% patients were suffering from tinea. The most common fungal infection was Tinea cruris 55.07%, the commonest treatment pattern was Combination of oral &Topical therapy 92.15%. Most frequently prescribed combination was fluconazole plus itraconazole along with Clotrimazole cream was seen in 64.45%, commonest anti-fungal agents were the azoles; amongst which clotrimazole (67.04%)were the commonest. Commonly prescribed individual antifungal was oral Fluconazole 73.11%. The self-medication prevalence for dermatophytosis was 62.26%. Self-medication drugs were mainly topical (creams) FDC of antifungal and steroids. Around 76% of the self-medication information was obtained from the chemists.
BACKGROUNDThe placenta is a fetomaternal organ with important metabolic, endocrine and immunologic functions besides being responsible for nutrition, respiration and excretion for the foetus. It is the most accurate record of infant's prenatal experience. Placental examination reflects prenatal factors and postnatal foetal outcomes.
Objectives: To evaluate the potential association between antipsychotics (Olanzapine, Risperidone and Haloperidol), serum glucose level and serum cholesterol level in schizophrenic patients. Introduction: Schizophrenia is quite prevalent and has high rate of chronicity and morbidity. Newer atypical antipsychotic drugs were developed in response to limitations such as lack of efficacy and side effects associated with older (conventional) agents. However, significant hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and weight gain have been reported with the use of newer atypical antipsychotics. Materials and Methods: This was an observational prospective study. Total 75 schizophrenic patients were divided in three groups according to treatment allocated (group I-olanzapine, group II-risperidone, group III haloperidol) comprising of 25 patients in each group. Blood sample was collected when patient came to hospital for the first time before starting the treatment and 6 weeks after treatment, then again 6 months after treatment, fasting serum glucose and cholesterol levels were estimated by enzymatic procedure. Simultaneously body weight was also measured. Results: In this study majority of patients were male-73.33% with mean age of 30.76 years. There were significant increase in serum glucose levels and serum cholesterol level, after 6 weeks and 6 months of treatment (t=3.11 p<0.01, t = 4.32 p <0.001 respectively) and (t = 1.98 p<0.05. t=3.65 p < 0.001 respectively), In Group I (Olanzapine treated patients). Body weight was also significantly increased (t=3.11, p<0.001).There were no significant increase in serum glucose levels, serum cholesterol levels and body weights in Group II (Risperidone treated group) and Group III (Haloperidol treated group). Conclusion:Olanzapine was associated with increased risk of glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and weight gain.
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