Unlike most military high explosives, which are characterized by an almost plane detonation front, ammonium nitratebased commercial explosives, such as ANFO (ammonium nitrate/fuel oil mixture) and emulsion explosives, are characterized by a curved detonation front. The curvature is directly related to the rate of radial expansion of detonation products in the detonation driving zone and the rate of chemical reactions, and it is one of the characteristics of nonideal explosives. The detonation theories used to model the nonideal behaviour of explosives require both reaction rate and rate of radial expansion to be known/specified as input data. Unfortunately, neither can be measured and what is mostly used is a link between these rates and parameters which can be more easily measured. In this paper, the Wood-Kirkwood approach of determination of radial expansion through the radius of detonation front curvature and the electro-optical technique for experimental determination of detonation front curvature of ANFO explosives is applied. It was shown that an experimentally determined radius of detonation front curvature vs charge diameter, incorporated in the Wood-Kirkwood detonation theory, can satisfactorily reproduce experimental detonation velocity-charge diameter data for ANFO explosives, especially when the pressure-based reaction rate law is also calibrated (D=1.3 and k=0.06 1/(μs/GPaD)).
Drill and blast method is still most economical and efficient practice for different types of excavation. However, in vicinity of buried transmission pipelines, the vibrations must be held below recommended values. Influence of blast induced ground vibrations on buried pipelines has been described throughout three different projects. During the first project, oil pipeline has been partially open allowing extensive measurements directly on it. In this paper, only vibration monitoring data were analyzed and correlation equation between ground vibration and vibration on pipeline has been developed. Such equation is than used to predict vibration on the pipeline where direct measurements were not possible.
Using the energy of explosion, a print of the picture "Medieval mine" onto an aluminium plate was made. This is one version of a technique called Detonography. It has been introduced and developed by Evelyn Rosenberg with a number of her colleagues, based on the "Munroe eff ect". To determine the optimal parameters of explosive performance and supporting materials, a large number of laboratory testing has been made on smaller samples.
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