FIGURE 1 -Colonoscopy revealing the cecum and the ileocecal valve, a large ulcer, and an ulcer with fibrin (arrows). Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 45(5):649-651, Sep-Oct, 2012Case Report ABSTRACT This case report shows the clinical development of a patient with systemic paracoccidioidomycosis presenting with lymphatic-intestinal manifestation. The patient initially had a substantial clinical improvement but had a recrudescence after six months of sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim oral treatment, with the emergence of feverish syndrome, lumbar pain, and intermittent claudication, characterizing a bilateral iliopsoas muscle abscess, necessitating clinicosurgical therapeutics.Keywords: Paracoccidioidomycosis. Psoas abscess. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.fungal smear; normal renal and hepatic function panels; and negative microbiological stool tests. An abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) demonstrated mesenteric lymphadenomegaly, with a hypodense center. Colonoscopy evidenced multiple deep ulcers with changeable sizes and forms along the whole colon, intercalated by normal mucosa, and a deformed ileocecal valve, which favored the diagnosis of infectious ulcerative pancolitis (Figure 1). Anatomopathological examination of the colonic mucosa revealed some areas of erosion covered in fibrino-leukocytic exudate, inflammatory infiltrate in corion, with some multinucleated giant cells, and lots of round shaped yeast, in various sizes, compatible with ileum-colonic PCM (Figure 2). A biopsy of a cervical lymph node also was performed, and in the anatomopathological examination, we found the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, with non-caseating granulomas containing multinucleated giant cells and epithelioid histiocytes, presenting a steering wheel shape, compatible with PCM granulomatous lymphadenitis. During hospitalization, the patient was treated with venous sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) and amphotericin B (amphoB) deoxycholate, receiving a cumulative dose of 1,900mg after www.scielo.br/rsbmt 650 Duani H et al -Bilateral paracoccidioidomycotic iliopsoas abscess DISCUSSION 38 days. A complete regression of lymphadenopathy occurred, the patient gained weight, and the diarrhea ceased. After 40 days from admission, he was discharged, with a prescription of a daily use of SMX-TMP 800 + 160mg.The patient returned 40 days later, presenting recrudescence of the initial symptoms, including pain in the left hip, limited extension of the homolateral hip, limping, and fever. Furthermore, cultures were obtained, and an anatomopathological examination of an inguinal lymph node biopsied revealed Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. He was rehospitalized and treated with amphoB plus oral itraconazole and sulphadiazine.Abdominal and pelvic CT showed mesenteric lymphadenomegaly, enlargement of the left iliac and psoas muscles, with inner voluminous liquefaction, which extended from the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) to the pelvis. Moreover, a smaller collection was observed in the right psoas muscle at...

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Purpose Anal incontinence is a very stigmatizing condition, which affects biopsychosocially the patient. It is a neglected, but quite common complication of obstetric and anorectal surgery, however it has treatment options. None of the treatment options have exceptional efficacy rates and still associated with risk of recurrence. The surgery techniques known are: anterior and posterior shortening procedure; post-anal repair; anterior elevator plasty and external sphincter plication; total pelvic floor repair and sphincter repair. None of them use a flap rotation of adipose tissue. The purpose is to propose a new surgery technique of anal sphincteroplasty, which uses flap rotation, for severe perineal deformity associated with anal incontinence. Methods Patient with severe perineal deformity and anal incontinence treated with a new surgery technique of sphincteroplasty with flap rotation. Results The severe perineal deformity was corrected with both esthetic and functional results. Anal continence measured by Wexner and Jorge assessment in a follow-up period of 2 years after the intervention. Pictures and video show esthetic and functional aspects. Conclusion This is the first time that a flap rotation is used to treat a severe perineal deformity. And the technique presented promising outcomes, which allows perineum reconstruction that is similar to the original anatomy. Therefore, this technique is justified to better evaluate its efficiency and the impact on patients’ prognosis.

IVDevelopment of a new model of actinic enteritis in rats using a cobalt-60 open source and a protection device as a collimator 1 7-Technical SkillActa Cir Bras. 2017;32(3):319-324 AbstractPurpose: To describe a new model of actinic enteritis that does not use radiotherapy machines. Methods: Sixteen Wistar rats were divided into four groups, consisting of four animals each: control (group A), two weeks after irradiation (group B), five weeks after irradiation (group C) and eight weeks after irradiation (group D). Animals were given a 10Gy radiation from a Cobalt-60 natural source in a nuclear technology research center. Protections of the surrounding tissues were obtained through the usage of plumb devices with a hole in the center, which served as a collimator. We obtained irradiated and non-irradiated colons from each animal.Results: In group B we found an important inflammatory response in the irradiated colon, which appeared in a reduced way in group C and was minimal in group D, in which we found a relevant collagen submucosal deposition/fibrosis. In all groups, the non-irradiated colon had a lower pathological damage in comparison with the irradiated colon. Conclusion: We thus described an efficient and feasible technique for obtaining an animal model of actinic enteritis. around 220-280g and aged 2-3 months were used in this study, obtained from the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). The rats were housed in polycarbonate cages (49×34×16cm), with n= 4/cage, under controlled conditions (temperature, humidity, air flux). Throughout the experimental period, all mice had access to food (Purina Lab Chow, Curitiba, Brazil) and filtered water ad libitum.The rats were randomly distributed into four groups of four animals each: group A (control without irradiation); group B (single dose 10Gy irradiation and euthanized after two weeks); group C (single dose 10Gy irradiation and euthanized after five weeks); group D (single dose 10Gy irradiation and euthanized after eight weeks).All experimental procedures were performed on anesthetized rats. Anesthesia was maintained with ketamine and xylazine (60mg/Kg and 8mg/Kg i.p.). After properly anesthetized, the rats were set in an acrylic cylindrical compartment (Figure 1). They were transferred into a protected room which has the MDS Nordion Cobalt-60 source in the center. This room has a complex protection mechanism that rises the source from an enclosed cage from under the ground only when it is fully locked and safe. We developed a covering device (15cm-thick plumb bricks with a 32mm round opening in the center to provide a collimator) to protect the rest of the animal's body from the radiation shade (Figure 2). This protective plumb device did not cover the back of the animal, in order to allow radiation to disperse after collimation and prevent it from reflecting and spreading in the surrounding tissues (Figure 3). A TLD dosimetry system was used in the pilot experiment so as to check the proper radiation dose in the irradiated field and it also proved that ...

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Purpose: The present study aimed at testing a new formulation of mesalazine linked to chondroitin sulfate and its components alone in the treatment of actinic proctitis in rats. Methods: Forty-seven female Wistar rats were submitted to pelvic radiation and divided into eight groups: control A, mesalazine A, chondroitin A, and conjugate A, gavage of the according substance two weeks after irradiation and sacrifice three weeks after oral treatment; control C, mesalazine C, chondroitin C, and conjugate C, sacrifice six weeks after oral treatment. The rectum was submitted to histological characterization for each of the findings: inflammatory infiltrate, epithelial degeneration, mucosal necrosis, and fibrosis. Results: The inflammatory infiltrate was more intense in chondroitin A, mesalazine A, and conjugate C. The collagen deposition was less intense in chondroitin A, and mesalazine A, and more intense in control C. Conclusion: Mesalazine and chondroitin alone were efficacious in inducing a delayed inflammatory response, hence reducing the late fibrosis. The conjugate was able to induce an ever more delayed inflammatory response.

In patients with giant incisional hernias, many anatomical and physiological changes turn hernia repair into quite a challenge. The possibility of developing complications as abdominal compartment syndrome after hernioplasty has prompted surgeons to seek for technical options. A tempting alternative is to induce progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum (PPP) aiming to adapt the organism to an increase in the abdominal content. We describe the case of a patient with giant incisional hernia submitted to PPP. The patient complicated with a very symptomatic pneumomediastinum. Despite being frequently well tolerated, it is important to make a point that the induction of PPP may result in severe complications.

Background: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare cause of duodenal obstruction that has non-specific and insidious symptoms. An initial treatment is conservative, and surgery is reserved for patients who continuously present with symptoms or complications. The aim of this study is to describe a combination of two surgical techniques: duodenojejunostomy and Strong\'s procedure (the release of the Treitz ligament) through a laparoscopic approach. This combination of both techniques has already been described, however, with a lack of technical detail. Case Presentation: This report presents the case of a 19-year-old male diagnosed with SMAS, confirmed through computed tomography and angiographic magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen. He underwent a laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy and release of the Treitz\'s ligament. The patient recovered well with no complications and was discharged 5 days postoperatively. Conclusion: Due to the rarity of the disease, there is a lack of literature comparing the benefits of either of these two techniques, and also, there are no established protocols favoring the use of one procedure over the other. In this case, we combined both techniques to reduce the rate of recurrence, increase the anastomotic safety, and reduce long-term complications. However, a larger study would be necessary to establish the combined use of these two techniques.