O cultivo de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) na região do Polo Gesseiro do Araripe, localizada a oeste do Estado de Pernambuco, no Nordeste do Brasil, pode ser uma alternativa viável de energia, em especial quando se realiza a correção da fertilidade do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do gesso no estado nutricional, na composição mineral, na produção de biomassa e na extração e eficiência de nutrientes de variedades de capim-elefante na Chapada do Araripe, Estado de Pernambuco. Para isso, foram cultivadas três variedades de capim-elefante - Cameroon, Gramafante e Roxo - na presença e ausência de gesso em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial (3 x 2), com quatro repetições. Os capins-elefante Cameroon e Gramafante apresentaram elevadas produções de matéria seca, porém apenas a variedade Cameroon mostrou resposta à aplicação de gesso, tendo alcançado 33 Mg ha-1. O capim-elefante Gramafante foi mais eficiente no uso de Ca que as variedades Cameroon e Roxo.
RESUMOO uso de gesso na correção da acidez trocável em subsuperfície tem proporcionado melhoria do ambiente radicular, influenciando positivamente na produtividade das culturas. Portanto, o objetivo foi avaliar o potencial do gesso de origem mineral da região do Araripe, em Pernambuco, na elevação dos teores de Ca trocável e na redução dos teores de Al trocável em subsuperfície e no aumento da produção de biomassa de variedades de capim elefante. Para isto foram cultivadas em campo três variedades de capim elefante: Cameroon, Gramafante e Roxo, na presença e na ausência de gesso mineral em arranjo fatorial (3 x 2) com os tratamentos distribuídos casualmente em 4 blocos. Os teores de Ca 2+ , S-SO 4 2-, Al 3+ e sua saturação não foram influenciados pela aplicação de gesso mineral na camada subsuperficial. A aplicação de gesso mineral reduziu o pH do solo na camada subsuperficial. O cultivo da variedade de capim Cameroon promoveu aumento do pH do solo, redução do teor e da saturação por Al. Os capins elefantes Cameroon e Gramafante apresentaram elevadas produções de matéria seca porém apenas a variedade Cameroon apresentou resposta à aplicação de gesso mineral, que alcançou 33 Mg ha -1 .Palavras-chave: movimentação de cátions, acidez subsuperficial, gipsita, Pennisetum purpureum SchumYield of elephant grass and movement of cations as a function of mined gypsum ABSTRACT The use of gypsum in context of exchangeable acidity in subsurface has provided the improvement of root environment, positive influence on crop yields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the mined gypsum from the Araripe region in increasing the exchangeable Ca and also the reduction of exchangeable Al in subsurface, and increase in biomass production of varieties of elephant grass. The experiment was composed of three varieties of elephant grass, such as, Cameroon, Gramafante and Roxo in the presence and absence of mined gypsum through a factorial arrangement (3 x 2), with treatments arranged in 4 randomized blocks. The levels of Ca 2+ , S-SO 4 2-, Al 3+ and also its saturation were not affected by the application of mined gypsum in the soil subsurface layer. The application of mined gypsum reduced the pH of the soil subsurface layer. The growing of Cameroon variety promoted the increase in soil pH, reducing the Al saturation. The Cameroon and Gramafante had high dry matter yields, but only the Cameroon variety presented response to application of gypsum, which reached 33 Mg ha -1 .
Soil sampling is designed to ensure obtaining reliable information about the existence, concentration and distribution of the analyzed substances in the investigated area. The caatinga is usually characterized as tree and shrub formations, mostly with high fertility soils, but suffering major physical limitations. This study aimed at determining the minimum number of single samples that theoretically should be used to form a composite sample representative of the depths 0 to 10, 10 to 20, and 20 to 30 for the chemical characteristics: pH, P, K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , as well as show that the average fertility estimated from the arithmetic mean of the results of single samples did not differ statistically from that estimated from the chemical analysis of the composite sample and statistically evaluate the effects of collection instruments (auger, cut-shovel and cup-auger) at a depth of 0 to 10 in the main indices of soil fertility. The study was conducted in a caatinga area near the city of Arcoverde, State of Pernambuco-PE. Samples were collected from 40 plots of 250 m 2. The minimum number of simple samples that should be used to form a representative composite sample for fertility indices increases with decreasing angular error. According to the results, there was less spatial variability to the pH at all depths analyzed. Below 0.2 m, the number samples to be at maximum for proper estimations of P and K + levels in soils. A smaller number of samples can be taken for the variables, pH, Ca² + and Mg² +. Significant differences in rates of fertility (pH, P and Mg 2+) were observed among the instruments. The order of variability was different for all instruments. There were no differences in fertility rates for the average of single samples over the average of composite samples consisting of three simple subsamples.
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