Introdução. A COVID-19 é causada pelo coronavirus 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), que teve seus primeiros casos relatados em dezembro de 2019. O vírus apresenta material genético contituido de RNA de fita simples. SARS-CoV-2 apresenta capacidade de invasão de tecidos que não estão contidos no sistema respiratório e a invasão do sistema nervoso nervoso central vêm sendo documentada na literatura. Objetivos. Apontar os sintomas e complicações neurológicas relatados em pacientes infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2. Método. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados PUBMED, EMBASE, New England Journal of the Medicine, JAMA neurology, Nature medicine e Google Acadêmico sem restrição de idiomas. Houve a combinação das palavras-chave “covid-19”, “neurology” e “SARS-CoV-2”. Resultados. Febre estava presente em 48,14% dos pacientes, paresias em 40,74% e estado mental alterado em 33,33% dos indivíduos. Distúrbios do olfato e do paladar estão presentes em 14,81% dos casos. Afasia foi descrita em 7,40% dos pacientes, disartria em 25,92%, ataxia 14,81% e hemiplegia em 22,22% dos casos. Ademais, 48,14% sofreram algum tipo de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), enquanto 25,92% cursaram com Síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB) e 14,81% evoluíram com encefalite. Conclusão. Ainda há poucas evidências que permitam afirmar com precisão quais são os mecanismos exatos de invasão do tecido nervoso, mas já se tem a evidência que esse processo existe.

RESUMOA COVID-19 é uma doença oriunda do contágio pelo vírus Sars-CoV-2, um membro da família Coronaviridae, responsável por cerca de 3,3 milhões de óbitos em todo o mundo desde o início das notificações da doença, em dezembro de 2019. Uma das manifestações frequentes no contexto da COVID-19 são as arritmias, que podem ocorrer devido ao efeito inflamatório em resposta ao vírus, hipóxia, desregulação metabólica e/ou pelo dano direto ao tecido cardíaco. Até o momento não se tem, na literatura especializada, terapia farmacológica específica para o tratamento de arritmias nesses casos. Essa revisão tem por objetivo analisar os casos de pacientes infectados pelo Sars-Cov-2 que desenvolveram arritmias cardíacas e as principais manifestações apresentadas por eles, além de relacionar fatores como idade, sexo, histórico patológico pregresso a doença e terapia farmacológica utilizada contra o COVID-19. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura sobre as arritmias cardíacas no contexto da atual pandemia, buscando disseminar e entender tal temática. Foram utilizados as plataformas Pubmed, Science Direct e banco de dados da BVS (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde) com os descritores "cardiac arrhythmias" e COVID-19", e LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) com os seguintes descritores, "coração" e "COVID-19", obtendo, após seleção, um total de 78 artigos-estudos. Dessa forma, dos estudos analisados, 45 casos diferentes foram compilados, seguindo os fatores previamente citados no objetivo. A idade média dos pacientes foi de aproximadamente 59 anos, com predomínio do sexo masculino. As comorbidades encontradas mais frequentes foram a hipertensão e a diabetes e o tratamento principal foi o uso de hidroxicloroquina/cloroquina. Ademais, constatou-se as seguintes arritmias nos casos analisados: taquicardia (47 casos), bradicardia (24 casos), intervalo QT/QTc longo (11 casos) e extrasístoles (7 casos). Assim, observou-se que as manifestações clínicas relacionadas a COVID-19 podem afetar o sistema cardiovascular e/ou agravar uma possível condição cardiovascular pré-existente.

Kawasaki disease (KD) or Mucocutaneous Lymph node Syndrome is a systemic vasculitis, which mainly affects children under five years of age with Asian descent, but can also reach other age groups, as well as any other breed. The clinical picture of KD has three stages: acute febrile stage, in which conjunctival congestion, oral mucositis, erythema, flaking, polymorphic rash and laterocervical lymphadenopathy, appear as main symptoms; the subacute stage, which occurs at the end of fever, and leads to the appearance of skin flaking in the limbs, arthritis, arthralgia and thrombocytosis and finally the stage of convalescence that arises when symptoms are almost dissipating and continues until their normalization. The most used treatment occurs from the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin, which for better prognosis of the pathology should be initiated early.

Xeroderma Pigmentoso (XP) является редким, рецессивным и аутосомно-генетическим заболеванием, которое также поражает как пол, так и все этнические группы, тесно связанные с общинами с высоким уровнем инбридинга. Целью данного обзора было подробно основные маршруты восстановления ДНК XP, различные функциональные дефекты, которые приводят к развитию 8 типов XP, основные характеристики клинической картины пациента с XP, основные сопутствующие заболевания, связанные с XP, и методы лечения доступны или которые все еще находятся в исследованиях для лиц, пострадавших от XP. Библиографические исследования проводились в базах данных: Redalyc, Институциональное хранилище Федерального университета Juiz de Fora, Scielo, Бразильская цифровая библиотека диссертаций и диссертаций, Science Research.com, Lilacs и Pub Med, используя ключевые слова или их ассоциации: Xeroderma – Xeroderma Pigmentoso. XP является генетическим заболеванием, которое не имеет лечения; человек с XP имеет светочувствительную кожу и, при воздействии УФ-излучения, может развиться несколько дерматологических осложнений; проявления XP напрямую связаны с генетическим дефектом; NER, несомненно, является основным маршрутом восстановления ДНК, когда дело доходит до XP; в XP-V облет ленты с поражением ДНК делается не полимеразой pol eta, а другой полимеразой семьи Y; дефекты в путях восстановления ДНК могут вызвать не только XP, но и другие заболевания; и лечение XP является паллиативным. Он состоит из применения специфических УФ-протекторов, препаратов, ремонтных ферментов и аденовирусных переносчиков, а также криохирургии, фотодинамической терапии (PDT), хирургического удаления опухолей и психологического сопровождения.

Background Resection of infiltrative neuroepithelial primary brain tumors, such as low-grade gliomas (LGG) remains a neurosurgical challenge. Usual lack of clinical deficit despite LGG growing in eloquent brain areas may be explained by reshaping and reorganization of functional networks. The development of modern diagnostic imaging techniques could disclose better understanding of the rearrangement of brain cortex, however mechanisms underlying such compensation and how it occurs in the motor cortex remains unclear. Objective This systematic review aims to analyze the neuroplasticity of motor cortex in patients with low-grade gliomas, as determined by neuroimaging and functional techniques. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, medical subject headings (MeSH) and the following terms related to neuroimaging, low-grade glioma (LGG) and neuroplasticity were used with the Boolean operator AND and OR to synonymous terms in PubMed database. Among the 118 results, 19 studies were included in the systematic review. Results Motor function in patients with LGG was characterized by a compensation in the contralateral motor, supplementary motor areas and premotor functional networks. Furthermore, ipsilateral activation in these types of gliomas was rarely described. Moreover, some studies did not reveal statistical significance in association between functional reorganization and post-operative period, which can be explained by the low number of patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest a high pattern of reorganization per different eloquent motor areas and gliomas diagnosis. Understanding this process is useful to guide safe surgical resection and to the development of protocols that assess the plasticity, even though functional networks rearrangement needs to be better characterized by more studies.

Metilfenidato (MFD) es un medicamento derivado de la anfetamina que estimula el Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC), promoviendo una mayor atención, menos distracción y mayor sentido de motivación. Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir las principales características farmacéuticas de la MFD, destacar las indicaciones clínicas para el uso de la MMFD y detallar los posibles eventos adversos derivados del consumo de MFD. Para ello, realizamos una investigación en las bases de datos ScienceResearch.com, SciELO, LILACS, PubMed y EMBASE y en los repositorios institucionales de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo, Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais y Universidad Federal de Ceará, utilizando las palabras clave y asociaciones “metilfenidato”, “ritalina”, “efectos” y “effects“. Se evidenció que el fármaco consiste en una mezcla racemica formada por cuatro estereoisómeros, y el compuesto farmacológicamente activo es racemate dextrogyl (d,l)-treo-MFD. Actúa sobre el bloqueo de los transportadores de dopamina y norepinefrina del SNC, promoviendo efectos que justifican su prescripción para tratar el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). En los últimos años, su consumo con fines no terapéuticos ha aumentado. Algunos efectos adversos de su uso se han divulgado, y insomnio, irritabilidad y dolor de cabeza se han divulgado.

Methylphenidate (MFD) is an amphetamine-derived medicine that stimulates the Central Nervous System (CNS), promoting increased attention, less distraction and increased sense of motivation. This study aims to describe the main pharmaceutical characteristics of MFD, highlight the clinical indications for the use of MFD and detail the possible adverse events arising from the consumption of MFD. For this, we conducted a research in the databases ScienceResearch.com, SciELO, LILACS, PubMed and EMBASE and in the institutional repositories of the Federal University of São Paulo, Federal University of Minas Gerais and Federal University of Ceará, using the keywords and associations “methylphenidate”, “ritalin”, “effects” and “effects”. It was evidenced that the drug consists of a racemic mixture formed by four stereoisomers, and the pharmacologically active compound is racemate dextrogyl (d,l)-treo-MFD. It acts on the blockade of dopamine and norepinephrine transporters from the CNS, promoting effects that justify its prescription to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In recent years, its consumption for non-therapeutic purposes has increased. Some adverse effects of its use have been reported, and insomnia, irritability and headache have been reported.

Болезнь Kawasaki (DK) или синдром слизистой оболочки лимфатических узлов является системным васкулитом, который в основном поражает детей в возрасте до пяти лет с азиатским происхождением, но может также достигать других возрастных групп, а также любой другой породы. Клиническая картина DK имеет три стадии: острая фебрильная стадия, в которой конъюнктивальные заторы, оральный мукозит, эритема, шелушение, полиморфная сыпь и боковой лимфаденопатия, появляются в качестве основных симптомов; подогромная стадия, которая происходит в конце лихорадки, и приводит к появлению кожи шелушения в конечностях, артрит, артралгия и тромбоцитоз и, наконец, стадия выздоровления, которая возникает, когда симптомы почти рассеивается и продолжается до их нормализации. Наиболее частое лечение происходит от введения внутривенного иммуноглобулина, который для лучшего прогноза патологии следует начать на ранней стадии.