National audienceLes ontologies ont été utilisées ces dernières années pour résoudre un certain nombre de problèmes et en particulier pour améliorer l’interopérabilité dans les systèmes d’information. Les objectifs de cet article sont de présenter différents types d’ontologies utilisées en agriculture et d’expliquer comment les systèmes d’information utilisent ces ontologies pour résoudre leurs problèmes d’interopérabilité
The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) has to meet the needs of farmers and sustainably support the competitiveness of agriculture in a rapidly changing digital world. Under certain conditions of use, digital tools could facilitate the application to agriculture of the historical, methodological and socio-economic principles defining agroecology. This chapter is composed of four sections. In the first section we define a framework to study agricultural IC tools. The second section considers how ICT should be used during the design phase of the territorial agroecological transition -an example of which is the TATA-BOX project -, before its actual implementation. The third section sets out the four types of IC tools that can usefully be applied during this transition, and provides several examples. Finally, the last section shows the various barriers that ICT specialists will have to overcome in order to provide effective support to food systems. It also discusses the contradiction that can exist between high energy-consuming technologies and an agroecological production paradigm in which a drastic reduction of the reliance on fossil energy is essential.
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