The integrity of paclitaxel-loaded liposomes was preserved during lyophilization by optimal levels of lyoprotectant sucrose in the formulation.

The effect of formulation and process parameters on drug loading and physical stability of paclitaxel-loaded long-circulating liposomes was evaluated. The liposomes were prepared by hydration-extrusion method. The formulation parameters such as total lipid content, cholesterol content, saturated-unsaturated lipid ratio, drug-lipid ratio and process parameters such as extrusion pressure and number of extrusion cycles were studied and their impact on drug loading and physical stability was evaluated. A proportionate increase in drug loading was observed with increase in the total phospholipid content. Cholesterol content and saturated lipid content in the bilayer showed a negative influence on drug loading. The short-term stability evaluation of liposomes prepared with different drug-lipid ratios demonstrated that 1:60 as the optimum drug-lipid ratio to achieve a loading of 1-1.3 mg/mL without the risk of physical instability. The vesicle size decreased with an increase in the extrusion pressure and number of extrusion cycles, but no significant trends were observed for drug loading with changes in process pressure or number of cycles. The optimization of formulation and process parameters led to a physically stable formulation of paclitaxel-loaded long-circulating liposomes that maintain size, charge and integrity during storage.

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Parametric study on pressure-swing adsorption cycle desiccant dehumidification system is a continuous engineering task with the aim of analyzing its effects and attains target quality of dry air for an industrial process. An experimental setup is developed with a dehumidification tower, regeneration tower,and flow control valve.The effect of process air inlet moisture content, cycle time ratio, and regeneration air flow rate on the adsorption performance is studied to evaluate the potential of the dehumidification system suitable for drying applications. The optimal dehumidification parameters are found, and a regression equation is also developed for the process. It is concluded that, process air inlet moisture is the most influencing parameter compared to regeneration air flow rate and cycle time ratio for the silica gel desiccant dehumidification system.