In this research, a phase formation in CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–H2O binding system under hydrothermal conditions was studied. The novelty of this article lies in the quantitative full-profile X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis used to determine kinetics of mineral formation in the binder system “lime–granite mineral modifier (GMM)”. The formation of a polymineral system is described in detail, as well as quantitative relationships between mineral composition of newly formed phases and the binding mixture ratios were determined. Phenomenological model of mineral formation in a “lime–GMM” system under hydrothermal conditions was proposed. The results obtained allow the demonstration of this binding system as a binder that is characterized by superposition of hydration and geopolymerization. The properties (strength, density, water absorption, porosity) of compressed autoclave-hardened materials with the addition of a granite modifier introduced instead of part of the sand as an aggregate have been studied. The maximum increase in strength (more than 50%) is observed at a modifier content of 15%. This is due to the formation of a rational composition of neoplasms, the compaction of the structure of the pressed products and the optimization of their pore space, which is confirmed by the data of X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and the method of gas adsorption.
This article deals with the development of autoclaved composites (AC) with nanostructured additive (NSA) and reports on the beneficial effects of NSA in autoclaved lime-silica mixtures.Based on the results of X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy investigation, the effects of hydrothermal conditions on the mechanisms of lime-silica interaction are revealed. It is demonstrated that the addition of NSA intensifies the formation of the C-S-H phase, reduces the quantities of amorphous phases and enables the formation of low-base calcium hydrosilicates (11Å-tobermorite and xonotlite).The physical and mechanical properties of autoclaved composites with NSA are investigated and optimized. The reported research demonstrates the feasibility of NSA application to improve the performance of autoclaved materials.
The article presents the research devoted to the effect of mineral modifiers obtained by mechanical activation of amorphized raw materials in water environment with obtaining a stable suspension on the gas concrete properties of autoclaved hardening. It was shown that the introduction of a mineral additive provides the intensification of the processes of porization of the gas concrete mixture, which ensures the formation of a heteropore structure of the finished composite. It was justified that the mineral modifier from amorphized rocks, regardless of the composition in the pre-autoclave period, acts as a structure-forming component causing the reduction of porous processes with the formation of a system with an improved micro-and macrostructure. The structural features of cellular products of autoclaved hardening, reasoned by the presence of a mineral modifier from amorphized rocks, were shown. With the introduction of the active additive, the increase in the pore size occurs during the process of condensation of the interpore partition. It provides the increase in the strength of products with the improvement of their heat-insulating characteristics.
The paper considers the effect of mineral additives on the rheological characteristics of a binder for foam concrete. The compositions in the study were divided into two groups: based on nanostructured binder (NB) and based on cement. For the compositions of the first group portland cement is proposed as a modifying additive,for the compositions of the second group NB and anhydrite were used as modifying additives. It has been shown that the introduction of cement into NB increases the viscosity due to an increase in the concentration of large-sized particles, while the combined use of nanostructured binder and anhydrite as modifiers of the cement system helps to reduce the viscosity of the cement mortar and increase its mobility, which reduces the amount of mixing water. From a technological point of view, this will make it possible to obtain materials with a rational pore structure by optimizing porosity processes.
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