The article presents findings of the influence of different levels of mineral nutrition on plant growth and development, the impact of fertilizers on the botanical composition, on the productivity and forage benefits of cereal-bean agrocenoses in the forest-steppe zone of the Baikal region. The objects of research were mixed crops of oats with peas and millet with vetch, peas, and Austrian winter pea. Legumes are the main source of protein increase in feed. In the field, the most widespread, among legumes, were vetch, sowing peas, field peas (Austrian winter pea). As a result of phenological observations, it was found that the growth and development of plants depended on the biological characteristics of crops, weather conditions and directly on the mineral nutrition level. The millet reacted most effectively to the application of mineral fertilizers, starting from the exit phase into the tube. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in pre-sowing tillage contributed to an increase in the proportion of legume components in the total green mass yield and a decrease in cereals. The highest competition in agrocenoses of millet with legume components was vetch, its share in the mixture increased, compared to the unfertilized background, by 6 and 14.5%, depending on the background of fertilizers. It was found that, compared with the unfertilized background, mineral fertilizers increased the yield of green mass from 1.5 to 4.9 tons per hectare, the collection of dry matter from 0.4 to 2.0 tons per hectare and the collection of feed units from 0.3 to 1.3 tons per hectare. Digestible protein content in 1 unit increased with the introduction of nitrogen fertilizer (N45), depending on the type of components in the mixture, from 3.2 to 6.6 g, and with the introduction of complex mineral fertilizer (N45P30K30) from 2.5 to 9.6 g. All are millet-bean mixtures at all levels of mineral nutrition comply with zootechnical standards.
The application of the norm on infliction of detriment in apprehension of a criminal raises questions in the doctrine of domestic criminal law and in investigative and trial procedures. The analysis of the content of Article 38 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and legal precedents made it possible to identify the shortcomings comprised in the Article and the legal act interpreting its utilization. To eliminate these weaknesses, the author formulated proposals for modernization the norm fixed in this Article and improvement law enforcement activities.
The article presents research data on the effect of various preparations for foliar dressing and the background of mineral nutrition on the yield of spring grain crops on gray forest soils of Predbaikalia.
В статье представлены научные исследования, проведённые в условиях лесостепной зоны Прибайкалья, по изучению суданково-пелюшковых травостоев с целью определения наиболее высокой продуктивности, кормового достоинства и питательной ценности агроценозов. Исследования проводились на опытном поле Иркутского НИИСХ в 2018–2020 годах. В опыте изучались суданская трава в одновидовом посеве и её смеси с горохом полевым (пелюшкой) в разных соотношениях компонентов при скашивании травостоя в разные фазы вегетации растений. Установлено, что на продуктивность и качественные показатели агроценозов непосредственное влияние оказывали нормы высева компонентов и фазы вегетации растений непосредственно перед уборкой. Самые высокие показатели продуктивности в первом и втором укосах получены в варианте суданская трава 70% + пелюшка 50%. Данный вариант при позднем сроке уборки обеспечил сбор кормопротеиновых единиц и обменной энергии 5,3 т/га и 36,3 ГДж/га соответственно, что на 60,6 и 31,5% выше, чем при раннем сроке. За 3 года изучения смешанных посевов были определены оптимальные сроки скашивания травостоя, влияющие на качественные показатели зелёной массы. Наиболее высокое содержание переваримого протеина в 1 корм. ед. (144,2 г) получено при посеве суданской травы с пелюшкой с нормой высева компонентов 70:60% и первом сроке скашивания травостоя. Однако данный посев при первом сроке уборки по обеспеченности кормопротеиновыми единицами — важному показателю кормового достоинства — на 36,8% был ниже, чем при втором сроке скашивания. Питательная ценность зелёной массы определялась такими показателями, как сырой протеин, сырая клетчатка, сырая зола, сахар, энергия. Высокая обеспеченность корма по данным показателям получена в смеси суданской травы с пелюшкой при соотношении всхожих семян 70:60% в поздние фазы развития растений — соответственно 46,4, 70,4, 13,7, 17,4 г и 2,91 МДж. This article reports on ecosystems of Sudan grass and Australian winter pea in the forest-steppe of Cisbaikalia. The aim was to test their productivity, forage quality and nutritional value. The investigation took place at the Irkutsk Research Institute of Agriculture in 2018–2020. The experimental variants were Sudan grass monoculture and its mixtures with Australian winter pea of various ratios. Cutting occurred at different growing stages. Seeding rate and cutting time affected plant productivity and quality. Seeding 70% of Sudan grass with 50% of Australian winter pea resulted in high quality mass in the first and second cuts. This mixture yielded 5.3 t ha-1 and 36.3 GJ ha-1 of feed and protein units in the second cut exceeding the first one by 60.6 and 31.5%, respectively. Optimal cutting time was determined. Plant ratio of 70:60% (Sudan grass:Australian winter pea) provided the highest quantity of digestible protein in 1 feed unit (144.2 g) in the first cut. However, this mixture yielded 36.8% less feed and protein units in the first cut. Nutritional value was determined according to crude protein, crude fiber, crude ash, sugar and energy contents. These parameters amounted to 46.4, 70.4, 13.7, 17.4 g and 2.91 MJ, respectively, in the variant of Sudan grass-Australian winter pea (70:60%) in the second cut.
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