Warm and humid climate creates ideal conditions for mosquito breeding. The ability of these vectors to spread a number of diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. Indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides leads to the development of resistance in vector mosquitoes and along with this, these pesticides cause biological magni cation of toxic components and affects adversely the non target organisms including human being. Commercially available, chemically manufactured mosquito repellent fast cards are convenient to use and quite effective but burning of such card generates a lot of smoke and might be hazardous to human health in long run. Thus, alternative approaches are to be adopted to control the population load of vector mosquito. The present study reveals the larvicidal effect of Duranta leaf extract against Culex mosquito. In addition to that mosquito repellent fast card has been developed by Duranta-algal mixture that has shown better result than commercially available fast card on the basis of mosquito mortality as well as the amount of gases emitted. Therefore, the active component of Duranta has also been investigated. In Duranta highest area percentage and peak have been shown by propeonic acid in the retention time 18.086 by GC-MS. So, it can be con rmed that the major active ingredient is propionic acid in Duranta which is responsible for the mosquitocidal properties. Occurrence of propionic acid in Duranta has also been con rmed by the HPLC analysis.
Accumulation of waste plastics from municipal and industrial sources into landfills and landfills leachates are the reservoir of microplastics and other toxic substances. Present work demonstrated the leachates production from commercial soft milk packet (LDPE) under various simulated conditions (cold water, boiling water, exposure of UV-A, B, and C and sun irradiation) and leachate characterization was performed by physico-chemical analysis and FTIR study. The phyto-toxicity of the synthesized leachates were evaluated with respect to germination, morphophysiology and biochemical analysis and cytotoxicity study was performed with Allium cepa root tip assay. The results revealed that the treatment with either 50% (T2) or 100% (T3) leachates has adverse impact on germination. However, it has also adverse impact on morpho-physiology including root and shoot length and both fresh and dry weight of root and shoot. On the other hand, leachates has negative impacts on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids. Root ion leakage also adversely affected with leachate prepared from boiling condition and exposer of UV-B. Both enzyme content and superoxide radical were also affected under different simulated leachate. The cytotoxic effect of various leachate on Allium cepa root tip revealed that a dose dependent decrease (p < 0.05) of MI under all leachate treatments as compared to control along with highest chromosomal abnormality index (CAI) was recorded for all leachate treatments. Finally, it may be concluded that LDPE plastic leachate has adverse effects on growth and development of Cicer arietinum L. However, in order get more insight, further extensive long-term study is needed and leachate can apply for other main agricultural crops such as rice, potato etc. for better understanding its food-chain contamination pattern.
Warm and humid climate creates ideal conditions for mosquito breeding. The ability of these vectors to spread a number of diseases to humans causes millions of deaths every year. Indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides leads to the development of resistance in vector mosquitoes and along with this, these pesticides cause biological magnification of toxic components and affects adversely the non target organisms including human being. Commercially available, chemically manufactured mosquito repellent fast cards are convenient to use and quite effective but burning of such card generates a lot of smoke and might be hazardous to human health in long run. Thus, alternative approaches are to be adopted to control the population load of vector mosquito. The present study reveals the larvicidal effect of Duranta leaf extract against Culex mosquito. In addition to that mosquito repellent fast card has been developed by Duranta-algal mixture that has shown better result than commercially available fast card on the basis of mosquito mortality as well as the amount of gases emitted. Therefore, the active component of Duranta has also been investigated. In Duranta highest area percentage and peak have been shown by propeonic acid in the retention time 18.086 by GC-MS. So, it can be confirmed that the major active ingredient is propionic acid in Duranta which is responsible for the mosquitocidal properties. Occurrence of propionic acid in Duranta has also been confirmed by the HPLC analysis.
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