This study focuses on the electromechanical analysis of functionally graded graphene reinforced piezoelectric composite (FG-GRPC) structures in order to identify circuit metrics such as voltage and power. The graphene platelets (GPLs) scatter evenly and parallelly in each graphene platelets reinforced piezoelectric composite (GRPC) tile. The effective modulus of elasticity for the GRPC tile is calculated by the Halpin-Tsai (HT) parallel model. The rule of the mixture (ROM) is employed to estimate the effective mass density, poisson’s ratio, and piezoelectric properties of GRPC structure. A simple power law distribution is responsible for the spatial disparity in composition over the thickness to generate FG-GRPC structural tiles. The first-order shear deformation theory and Hamilton’s principle are used to derive the governing finite element equations for the FG-GRPC plates. The impact of external resistance, frequency, volume fraction, piezoelectric characteristics, and geometry of the tile on the circuit metrics of FG-GRPC structures are thoroughly examined. Our results reveal that the circuit metrics of FG-GRPC plates are significantly enhanced due to consideration of material grading exponent and a small quantity of GPLs. This article will provide the necessary physical insights for modeling the electromechanical coupling in multipurpose piezoelectric materials, devices, and large-scale systems, allowing them to be used in industrial applications such as pressure sensors, miniature ultrasonic motors, fuel injectors, active controllers, and robotic systems.
The present study proposes enhancement of harvested power and voltage by tuning the poling orientation in piezoelectric materials. The dependency of piezoelectric strain coefficients on performance is presented mathematically and to demonstrate the effect, a cantilever-based energy harvester having platinum substrate is considered with seven different materials. It is observed that PZT-2 shows an improvement of 598% in harvested power and 165% in voltage by poling tuning to 45°. Similar poling tuning helps PZT-7A to improve 325 and 106% in power and voltage generation, respectively. Huge improvement of 1425% in power and 290% for voltage is observed for PMN-0.35PT. PbTi0 3 shows a minimal improvement at poling angle of 30°. The performance of materials like Ba 2 NaNb 5 O 15 and PVDF gets deteriorated with an increase in poling orientation. The peak values of power and voltage are observed at different poling angles for different piezoelectric materials. The least magnitudes of power and voltage generation occur at poling angle of 90°f or any material system.
Modeling and optimization of the wind turbine for better power and performance have become the demand in the development of renewable energy. Power coefficient (Cp) is an important parameter which determines the efficiency of the wind turbine and it depends on the velocity of the wind, blade pitch angle, and tip speed ratio of the turbine. Selection of the appropriate value of these parameters while designing a wind turbine will provide the optimum value of coefficient of performance. In this paper, the optimum value of the power coefficient is obtained by using the genetic algorithm optimization technique. The optimum value of the power coefficient is found to be 0.46 which is increased by 0.05 than that of the value obtained from blade element momentum theory.
The Al-Mg-MnO 2 composite is a MnO 2 particulate reinforced Al metal matrix composite. Its substantial ductility makes it promising composite for study. The Al-3Mg-MnO 2 and Al-8Mg-MnO 2 composites were synthesized by stirring 3, 5, and 8 wt% of MnO 2 particulates in Al-3Mg melt and Al-8Mg melt to study their mechanical properties. Their microstructure shows intermetallic precipitates of Al, Mg, and Mn at dendrites, grain boundaries and within the grains. In both sets of composites, the hardness, and the yield strength increases with increasing MnO 2 content in the cast and forged composites. Both the groups of composites show an increase in tensile strength with increasing particle content from 3 to 5 wt%, a further increase in particle content to 8 wt%, leads to an abrupt decrease in tensile strength in both the group of composites. The percentage elongations in forged composites are lower than those in cast composites, but this decrease is more prominent in Al-8Mg-MnO 2 composites in comparison to Al-3Mg-MnO 2 composites. The J IC value decreases as the percentage of MnO 2 particles increases in Al-3Mg-MnO 2 and Al-8Mg-MnO 2 composites. Forging increases J IC values in both the class of composites in comparison to their cast counterparts due to work hardening and healing of pores. Crack growth toughness also decreases as the MnO 2 particle content increases in Al-3Mg-MnO 2 and Al-8Mg-MnO 2 composites. Forged Al-3Mg-MnO 2 shows decreased T/E ratio in comparison to their cast counterparts except at 8wt%. However, forged Al-8Mg-MnO 2 shows improved T/E at 3wt% and a drop at 5wt% and 8wt% MnO 2 . Variation of crack growth toughness between cast and forged Al-8Mg-MnO 2 is minimal in comparison to that between cast and forged Al-3Mg-MnO 2 composites.
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