Rhamnolipid-biosurfactants are known to be produced by the genus Pseudomonas, however recent literature reported that rhamnolipids (RLs) are distributed among diverse microbial genera. To integrate the evolutionary implications of rhamnosyl transferase among various groups of microorganisms, a comprehensive comparative motif analysis was performed amongst bacterial producers. Findings on new RL-producing microorganism is helpful from a biotechnological perspective and to replace infective P. aeruginosa strains which ultimately ensure industrially safe production of RLs. Halotolerant biosurfactants are required for efficient bioremediation of marine oil spills. An insight on the exploitation of marine microbes as the potential source of RL biosurfactants is highlighted in the present review. An economic production process, solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial and industrial waste would increase the scope of biosurfactants commercialization. Potential and prospective applications of RL-biosurfactants including hydrocarbon bioremediation, heavy metal removal, antibiofilm activity/biofilm disruption and greener synthesis of nanoparticles are highlighted in this review.
In this paper aluminum (LM25) alloy was chosen as a base matrix metal, and it was reinforced with 0, 3, 6, 9, 12% of Zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ) particulates based on weight fraction method. Stir casting method was used to cast LM25/ZrO 2 composite material. The cast samples were subjected to physical and mechanical test viz, density, hardness, tensile, compression and impact test. The feasibility trial weld was carried out on the developed composite (similar metals) using Friction welding process (FSW) and then welded sample were prepared for the various test. The welded samples were subjected to various mechanical tests such as tensile, hardness and bend test to evaluate the strength of the friction welded joints. Then welded samples were also subjected to optical microscopy analysis to evaluate microstructures of the base and the weld regions. The tensile, hardness, compression and impact strength increases with increase in the percentage of ZrO 2 in LM25 alloy. The tensile, hardness and bending strength were high in the welded zone. The microstructures of the welded tensile tested specimen were analyzed using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in a different region of the welded area. From the above results shows weldability of LM25/ZrO 2 composites was improved with the increase in weight percentage of ZrO 2 reinforcement.
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