Background Glycyrrhiza glabra L. ( G. glabra ) commonly known as liquorice is one of the highly exploited and utilized medicinal plant of the world. Since ancient times liquorice is considered as an auspicious and valuable traditional medicine across the world for treatment of various ailments. Method Several electronic online scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Scifinder, Google Scholar, online books and reports were assessed for collecting information. All the collected information was classified into different sections to meet the objective of the paper. Results The electronic database search yielded 3908 articles from different countries. Out of them one ninety-eight articles published between 1956 and 2021 were included, corresponding to all detailed review on G. glabra and research on anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory through pre-clinical and clinical models. From all selective area of studies on G. glabra and its bioactive components it was established (including molecular mechanisms) as a suitable remedy as per the current requirement of pandemic situation arise through respiratory tract infection. Conclusion Different relevant studies have been thoroughly reviewed to gain an insight on utility of liquorice and its bioactive constituents for several pharmacological emphasizing anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory effects with special emphasized for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection with possible mechanism of action at molecular level. Proposed directions for future research are also outlined to encourage researchers to find out various mechanistic targets and useful value added products of liquorice in future investigations.

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Humans are a unique reservoir of group of microrganism, and serve as a home to over 100-1000 species of microorganisms , effecting the internal environment of the humans and thereby, play an important role in maintaining the health. The functional foods have become a part of an everyday diet and are exhibiting potential health benefits beyond the widely accepted nutritional effects. Currently, the most important and frequently used functional food compounds are probiotics. The dairy products has been an important resource for developing nutritious foods which could beneficially affect the host by improving the survival and balance of live microbial dietary supplements in the gastrointestinal flora. In current scenario the microbiota has developed resistance and tolerance to existing conventional drugs and antibiotics that has decreased the efficacy of the drug. Supplementation with probiotics, has shown to be effective against various enteric pathogens due to their ability to compete with the pathogenic microbiota for their adhesion sites, to isolate pathogens or to modulate and regulate the immune response of the host by initiating the activation of specific genes of the host intestinal tract. Henceforth, a simple, low-cost, favourable and essential approach to achieve health benefits is vital in the present time. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the possible beneficial properties of probiotic bacteria like in diarrhoea, anticancer property, development of brain ,allergic reactions , and their possible mode of action.

The use of microscopic techniques for the identification of medicinal plants is one of the best practices and an important quality control tool for standardization. Stomata are important organs for the study of phylogenetic relationships including plant origin, evolution, and classification. Allium wallichii (A. wallichii) Kunth, is one of the threatened medicinal herbs having important nutraceutical, medicinal and therapeutic value. The plant is one of the neglected species of Allium and has not been thoroughly investigated pharmacognostically. Therefore, current research work was designed to investigate the stomata types, stomata number and stomatal index through quantitative microscopy. The result presented in the current research will provide a routine identification method for A. wallichii with the allied species of Allium.

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