We quantify the ability of 0.9% NaCl (saline) and 5% dextrose in water (D5W) to protect tissues during RF ablation. Using computer simulations and phantom experiments, we determined that D5W provides significantly more electrical isolation than saline, which reduces unwanted heating of the adjacent tissue. Saline actually increased the amount of RF current in the adjacent tissue. Based on these results, we conclude that D5W is preferable to saline as a protective fluid.

Objectives: Pharmacological options for treating osteoarthritis (OA) are limited and alternative treatments are required. Given the clinical data indicating that granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) may be a therapeutic target in human OA, we evaluated different treatment regimens with a neutralizing anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody (mAb) in an experimental OA model to determine their effectiveness on amelioration of pain and disease. Methods: The collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (CiOA) model was induced in C57BL/6 mice, followed by different treatment regimens of anti-GM-CSF mAb or isotype control. Anti-CCL17 mAb treatment was also administered continually during the late stage of CiOA. Pain-related behavior (change in weight distribution of hind limbs), and disease (cartilage damage and osteophyte size) were assessed. Results: Blocking GM-CSF only during early synovitis in CiOA prevented pain and disease development. Once OA pain was established, regardless of the treatment regimen, anti-GM-CSF mAb treatment rapidly and efficiently ameliorated it; however, unless the treatment was continued, pain returned and disease progressed. Continual late stage blockade of GM-CSF was able to ameliorate pain (between-group difference: À6.567; 95% confidence interval (CI): À10.12, À3.011) and suppress cartilage damage (P ¼ 0.0317, 95% CI: À1.75, À0.0556). Continual late stage blockade of CCL17 showed similar effects on pain and disease development. Conclusions: Early and short-term GM-CSF neutralization is effective at preventing CiOA pain and disease development but, once pain is evident, continual GM-CSF blockade is required to prevent pain from returning and to suppress disease progression in mice. These data reinforce the potential benefits of anti-GM-CSF (and anti-CCL17) mAb therapy in OA and should inform further clinical trials.

We quantify the ability of 0.9% NaCl (saline) and 5% dextrose in water (D5W) to protect tissues during RF ablation. Using computer simulations and phantom experiments, we determined that D5W provides significantly more electrical isolation than saline, which reduces unwanted heating of the adjacent tissue. Saline actually increased the amount of RF current in the adjacent tissue. Based on these results, we conclude that D5W is preferable to saline as a protective fluid.Μanuscript received April 24, 2006. C. L. Brace is with the

In the research paper entitled Mathematical Analysis of Single Queue Multi Server and Multi Queue Multi Server Queuing Model, Prasad and Badshah [7] were proved that single queue multi server model is better than multi queue multi server model, and discussed the relation between the performance measures of these two models, and derive the mathematical equations. In this paper we derive the total cost with assumption of certain Waiting cost in both cases. Also, prove that the expected total cost is less for single queue multi server model as comparing with multi queue multi server model.

The benefits of PET/CT in detection of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are well documented, but we are the first to use this technique for screening of a rare hereditary disease (estimated prevalence 0.3/100 000).

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to find a correlation between pleural separation and amount of aspirated effusion. METHODSTotal 20 adult patients with 25 effusions were taken into the study with chest x-ray showing homogeneous opacity in either one or both of the lung field, which was confirmed on USG. Only uncomplicated pleural effusion were taken into study. Effusion with septations or encysted effusion or pyothorax were excluded from the study. RESULTSThe separation between two pleura was measured in millimeters and aspirated effusion in milliliters. A positive correlation was noted between these two measurements and relationship is given by a simplified equation. CONCLUSIONBy using this simple equation, we can quantify the pleural fluid quickly in day-to-day practice as well as ICU setting, which can be a useful guide for planning and management for aspiration. CONSENTAs all the patients were adult and fully conscious, informed consent was taken from all of them.

Background: Indwelling ureteric stents produce varying degrees of complication and discomforts ranging from frequency and urgency to haematuria or infection and signicantly impacts quality of life. Aim: assess the effectiveness of Tamsulosin and tolterodine in improving the lower urinary tract symptoms of patients with indwelling double –J- ureteric stents following ureterorenoscopy Methods: The study was conducted in randomized, double-blind manner in department of general surgery , NMCH ,Patna from 1st January 2014 to 10th June 2015. In total, 40 patients with double J stent were randomly divided into two groups (group A, n: 20, group B, n: 20 ). Each patient randomly received one pack of drug in different colours of the content to take Tamsulosin 0.4 mg before sleep, Tolterodine 4 mg once a day : group A received Tolterodine , group 2 Tamsulosin a for 1 month in a double-blind manner. Ureteral stent-related morbidity indices which analysed included urinary symptom, pain, general health, quality of work and sex scores were measured by Ureteral Symptom Score Questionnaire for rst and fourth weeks after drug consumption and the rst week after double J stent removal. Results: No signicant change in various domains of USSQ like urinary symptoms , body pain, general health , work performance , sexual matters. Conclusions: Both drugs minimise the symptoms however a larger well-designed study needs to be conducted to conrm the ndings.

BACKGROUNDHydatid disease is a cyclo-zoonotic parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is usually found in liver and lungs, but no organ of body is immune. Location at unusual sites in the body can have atypical presentations and can pose a diagnostic challenge. A high index of suspicion, radiological investigations as well as serological examination is necessary in establishing the diagnosis of hydatid disease at unusual sites in the body. We report here a case of a 35-year-old female, who presented with abdominal pain and a lump in the epigastric region.