As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completedthe RelationshipQuestionnaire(RQ), a self-reportmeasure of adult romanticattachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the Model of Self and the Model of Other scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions of the RQ did not underlie the four-category model of attachment in the same way across all cultures. Analyses of specific attachment styles revealed that secure romantic attachment was normative in 79% of cultures and that preoccupied romantic attachment was particularly prevalent in East Asian cultures. Finally, the romantic attachment profiles of individual nations were correlated with sociocultural indicators in ways that supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment and basic human mating strategies.

The authors thank Susan Sprecher (USA), Del\ud Paulhus (Canada), Glenn D. Wilson (England), Qazi\ud Rahman (England), Alois Angleitner (Germany),\ud Angelika Hofhansl (Austria), Tamio Imagawa\ud (Japan), Minoru Wada (Japan), Junichi Taniguchi\ud (Japan), and Yuji Kanemasa (Japan) for helping with\ud data collection and contributing significantly to the\ud samples used in this study.Gender differences in the dismissing form of adult romantic attachment were investigated as part of the International Sexuality Description Project—a survey study of 17,804 people from 62 cultural regions. Contrary to research findings previously reported in Western cultures, we found that men were not significantly more dismissing than women across all cultural regions. Gender differences in dismissing romantic attachment were evident in most cultures, but were typically only small to moderate in magnitude. Looking across cultures, the degree of gender differentiation in dismissing romantic attachment was predictably associated with sociocultural indicators. Generally, these associations supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment, with smaller gender differences evident in cultures with high–stress and high–fertility reproductive environments. Social role theories of human sexuality received less support in that more progressive sex–role ideologies and national gender equity indexes were not cross–culturally linked as expected to smaller gender differences in dismissing romantic attachment.peer-reviewe

National Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India Psychological Studies (June 2010) 55(2): [137][138][139][140][141][142][143] Today organizations cannot exist without effective communication. The members of an organization communicate with potential customers and clients to create and develop the organization's products and services. Goldhaber (1993) used metaphors to explain the importance of organizational communication -communication is the lifeblood of the organization; the glue that binds the organization; the oil that smoothens the organization's function; the thread that ties the system together; the force that pervades the organization and the binding agent that cements all relationships. The importance of communication in organizations is well established by the researchers taking into consideration the amount of time spent by members in organizations. Generally, members in organizations spend 50-80% of their time engaged in communicative behavior. This shows the importance of communication at work place.

Cultures have been found to predict the organizational effectiveness (OE). This article explores how a strong or weak organizational culture (OCL), irrespective of its taxonomy, affects OE in Indian technical education. It also examines the mediating role of organizational communication (OCM). Data were collected from 167 heads of engineering and management schools on OCL and OE and 334 of their subordinates on OCM through a questionnaire survey. Results indicate that organizations with a strong and deep-rooted culture perform more effectively than organizations with a weak culture. The effect of OCL passes to institutional effectiveness through OCM. Hence, higher educational institutions need to focus on strengthening OCL and OCM in order to improve their effectiveness.

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