Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a chronic metabolic disorder. Due to its complex pathophysiology, several biomarkers have been studied for identifying its complications. Fetuin A has been proposed to be linked with insulin resistance and its comorbidities and may be helpful in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease condition. Therefore, the present study is aimed to evaluate the Fetuin A levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its correlation with blood sugar, renal profile and lipid profile. This prospective study was conducted in SRVS Government Medical College, Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh, India. In this study, 90 T2DM patients as cases and 90 healthy subjects as controls were recruited. Demographic details, physical and clinical examination were done. Patients with cardiovascular diseases, thyroid diseases, liver disease, pregnant women were excluded from the study. Under aseptic conditions, 5 ml of fasting venous blood samples were collected, centrifuged to obtain serum sample. The obtained serum sample was used for the estimation of fasting glucose, post-prandial glucose, renal profile (serum urea, creatinine and uric acid), lipid profile (serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDLC, LDLC and VLDL) using commercially available autoanalyzer kits. Serum Fetuin A levels were estimated by using ELISA method. Whole blood sample was used for the estimation of HbA1c. The results were represented as Mean±SD. and percentage. Spearman’s correlation was applied. The p value <0.05 considered statistically significant. In this study, in T2DM cases, males were 51 and females were 39 and in controls, males were 50 and females were 40. In the current study, age (63.8±5.7 years), BMI (26.2±1.6 kg/m) SBP (130.8±13.2 mmHg), DBP (90.6±12.7 mmHg), FBS (158.7±14.5 mg/dl), PPBS (228.5±31.8 mg/dl), HbA1c (7.8±0.7 %), Urea (32.1±9.4 mg/dl), Creatinine (1.0±0.1 mg/dl), Uric acid (6.2±2.8 mg/dl), total cholesterol (228.4±33.0 mg/dl), triglycerides (160.0±15.2 mg/dl), LDLC (165.6±33.6 mg/dl), VLDL (32.0±3.0 mg/dl) and Fetuin A (363.9±126.2 micg/ml) levels were significantly increased and HDLC (30.7±3.9 mg/dl) levels were reduced in T2DM cases than the healthy controls. Fetuin A level were significantly positively correlated with FBS (r=0.686), PPBS (r=0.656), HbA1c (r=0.694), Urea (r=0.342), Creatinine (r=0.564), Uric Acid (r=0.588), Total Cholesterol (r=0.700), Triglycerides (r=0.405), LDLC (r=0.728), and VLDL (r=0.528) and negatively correlated with HDLC (-0.681).Elevated fetuin A and atherogenic lipid profile may be a risk for cardiometabolic diseases.
Background: Elevated inflammatory markers have been associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular events, acute myocardial infarction (MI), and illness in patients with stable or unstable coronary artery disease. Aim: The present study was comparison between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), NTproBNP, TnT, and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) in patient groups and control group. Materials and Methods: The diagnostic test blood glucose and lipid profile biochemical parameter were assessed using endpoint method. hsCRP kits for human were assessed using turbidimetric immunoassay method. Serum N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were measured by automated immunoassay. Both cardiac TnT and CK-MB mass were measured with highly specific monoclonal antibodies in a sensitive chemiluminescence assay. Results: Comparing marker levels of the two groups, Mann–Whitney U test and independent sample t-test were used. The mean NT-proBNP (pg/ml) and hsCRP (mg/L) were found significantly different and almost 24- and 8-fold higher in cases as compared to controls (610.69 ± 25.28 vs. 25.28 ± 11.76, and 4.47 ± 1.62 vs 0.52 ± 0.23; all P < 0.01). Further, the CK-MB (IU/L) and TnT (pg/ml) (mean ± standard deviation) were also high in the case group than control (166.83 ± 27.8 vs. 98.03 ± 3.05; P < 0.01 and 135.44 ± 8.79 vs 96.46 ± 2.91; P < 0.01). Conclusion: Elevated level of NT-proBNP is a strong independent prognostic predictor in patients with myocardial infarction and positive correlation between NTproBNP with TnT and CK-MB with TnT and consumption of alcohol, smoking, and tobacco may be also a risk factor for myocardial infarction.
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