Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a chronic metabolic disorder. Due to its complex pathophysiology, several biomarkers have been studied for identifying its complications. Fetuin A has been proposed to be linked with insulin resistance and its comorbidities and may be helpful in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease condition. Therefore, the present study is aimed to evaluate the Fetuin A levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its correlation with blood sugar, renal profile and lipid profile. This prospective study was conducted in SRVS Government Medical College, Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh, India. In this study, 90 T2DM patients as cases and 90 healthy subjects as controls were recruited. Demographic details, physical and clinical examination were done. Patients with cardiovascular diseases, thyroid diseases, liver disease, pregnant women were excluded from the study. Under aseptic conditions, 5 ml of fasting venous blood samples were collected, centrifuged to obtain serum sample. The obtained serum sample was used for the estimation of fasting glucose, post-prandial glucose, renal profile (serum urea, creatinine and uric acid), lipid profile (serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDLC, LDLC and VLDL) using commercially available autoanalyzer kits. Serum Fetuin A levels were estimated by using ELISA method. Whole blood sample was used for the estimation of HbA1c. The results were represented as Mean±SD. and percentage. Spearman’s correlation was applied. The p value <0.05 considered statistically significant. In this study, in T2DM cases, males were 51 and females were 39 and in controls, males were 50 and females were 40. In the current study, age (63.8±5.7 years), BMI (26.2±1.6 kg/m) SBP (130.8±13.2 mmHg), DBP (90.6±12.7 mmHg), FBS (158.7±14.5 mg/dl), PPBS (228.5±31.8 mg/dl), HbA1c (7.8±0.7 %), Urea (32.1±9.4 mg/dl), Creatinine (1.0±0.1 mg/dl), Uric acid (6.2±2.8 mg/dl), total cholesterol (228.4±33.0 mg/dl), triglycerides (160.0±15.2 mg/dl), LDLC (165.6±33.6 mg/dl), VLDL (32.0±3.0 mg/dl) and Fetuin A (363.9±126.2 micg/ml) levels were significantly increased and HDLC (30.7±3.9 mg/dl) levels were reduced in T2DM cases than the healthy controls. Fetuin A level were significantly positively correlated with FBS (r=0.686), PPBS (r=0.656), HbA1c (r=0.694), Urea (r=0.342), Creatinine (r=0.564), Uric Acid (r=0.588), Total Cholesterol (r=0.700), Triglycerides (r=0.405), LDLC (r=0.728), and VLDL (r=0.528) and negatively correlated with HDLC (-0.681).Elevated fetuin A and atherogenic lipid profile may be a risk for cardiometabolic diseases.
Background: Myocardial Infarction is the irreversible necrosis of the heart muscle secondary to prolong lack of oxygen supply. Troponin T is a structurally bound protein found in striated muscle cells. They have rapidly attained central role in diagnosis, prognostication and planning of therapeutic strategies in MI patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of Troponin T in MI patients and its role in diagnosis compare to normal subjects.Methods: The study was conducted at M. L .N. Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh India. A total of 136 cases were included in our study. Out of these, 86 were patients of AMI and 50 were healthy controls. They were evaluated by measurement of various parameters including enzymatic markers such as CPK-MB, SGOT, LDH1, and LDH2 and non-enzymatic markers such as troponin-T and myoglobin. Apart from these, LDL, VLDL and HDL levels were also kept under evaluation.Results: Troponin-T test was better than CPK-MB or SGOT in diagnosing myocardial infarction. In our study, sensitivity (67.3%) and specificity (73.8%) of troponin-T test was higher than CPK-MB (56.2% and 45.7%) and SGOT (34.2% and 58.3%) respectively. Troponin-T test was better than CPK-MB or SGOT after 2 hours of onset of myocardial infarction. Troponin- T and I: both kind of evaluations are available and are well evaluated. However troponin T estimation is more standardized and thus more popular. The positivity of troponin-T test also varied with area of infarct.Conclusions: High LDL and VLDL were seen while at the same time HDL level was lowered. An Increase in the level of myoglobin (non-specific marker), Cardiac troponin I and T and among the enzymatic markers elevated levels of CPK-MB, LDH and SGOT were observed in patients of MI against the normal subjects. In case of LDH both LDH 1 and LDH 2 were observed and a flipped pattern was noted. Bedside troponin-T test is highly sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and can be used in emergency and ambulatory settings. Qualitative troponin-T test is reliable above serum level of ≥ 0.10 ng/ml.
Background: Preeclampsia, a systemic illness of late pregnancy seen in approximately 6% of prim-igravid women, is an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity. The levels of calcium and magnesium in pregnancy may implicate in the possible role in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). This study as-sessed serum Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ levels in women with PIH. Materials and Methods: We evaluated se-rum potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium levels in 100 normal pregnant women and 100 women with pre-eclampsia. Result: We found elevated serum potassium levels and reduced calcium, sodium and magnesium levels in pregnant mothers with preeclampsia. Conclusion: Lowered plasma or serum magnesi-um concentrations in pre-eclampsia may contribute to the development in hypertension in pregnancy. In addition, a disturbed Calcium homeostasis is observed in pre-eclampsia. Keywords: Pre-eclampsia, PIH, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium
: A main cause of morbidity and mortality in Worldwide is Diabetes mellitus. Acute phase reactant like hs-CRP acts as a non-specific marker of inflammation. Action of insulin becomes resistant on peripheral tissues of human body in Insulin resistance (IR). Pathogenesis of type - 2 diabetes mellitus is strongly linked with Insulin resistance.: The aims of this study is to assess between type-2 diabetic subjects and non-diabetic healthy subjects about the status of pro- inflammatory markers as hs-CRP and IR.This study was conducted in Govt. Medical College, Shivpuri (MP). A total of 200 subjects were included in this study. Out of these, 100 were type-2 diabetes mellitus cases and 100 were non diabetic healthy subjects. They were evaluated by measurement of several physiological and biochemical parameters such as Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, blood parameters as –Fasting Blood Sugar, Post Prandial, HbA1c, Triglyceride, Total Cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein, Very Low Density Lipoprotein, High Density Lipoprotein, high sensitive-C Reactive Protein, Fasting Insulin level and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance.hs-CRP is usually extensively increased in diabetic cases. The raised level of hs-CRP is noteworthy in diabetes mellitus cases as compared to healthy subjects. Serum Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, VLDL and LDL levels were highly increased, whereas HDL level were significantly lower in patients of diabetes when compared to controls. hs-CRP had considerable positive correlation with insulin resistance markers and whereas negative associations with insulin sensitivity markers.hs-CRP and IR were strongly related with the metabolic variables and markers of Type- 2 diabetes mellitus subjects with and without complication. Results of this study show that hs-CRP can play a major role in the early detection of IR in diabetes mellitus cases.
Background: Elevated inflammatory markers have been associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular events, acute myocardial infarction (MI), and illness in patients with stable or unstable coronary artery disease. Aim: The present study was comparison between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), NTproBNP, TnT, and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) in patient groups and control group. Materials and Methods: The diagnostic test blood glucose and lipid profile biochemical parameter were assessed using endpoint method. hsCRP kits for human were assessed using turbidimetric immunoassay method. Serum N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were measured by automated immunoassay. Both cardiac TnT and CK-MB mass were measured with highly specific monoclonal antibodies in a sensitive chemiluminescence assay. Results: Comparing marker levels of the two groups, Mann–Whitney U test and independent sample t-test were used. The mean NT-proBNP (pg/ml) and hsCRP (mg/L) were found significantly different and almost 24- and 8-fold higher in cases as compared to controls (610.69 ± 25.28 vs. 25.28 ± 11.76, and 4.47 ± 1.62 vs 0.52 ± 0.23; all P < 0.01). Further, the CK-MB (IU/L) and TnT (pg/ml) (mean ± standard deviation) were also high in the case group than control (166.83 ± 27.8 vs. 98.03 ± 3.05; P < 0.01 and 135.44 ± 8.79 vs 96.46 ± 2.91; P < 0.01). Conclusion: Elevated level of NT-proBNP is a strong independent prognostic predictor in patients with myocardial infarction and positive correlation between NTproBNP with TnT and CK-MB with TnT and consumption of alcohol, smoking, and tobacco may be also a risk factor for myocardial infarction.
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