Burning mouth syndrome (BMS), a chronic and intractable orofacial pain syndrome is characterized by the presence of burning sensation of the oral mucosa in the absence of specific oral lesion. This condition affects chiefly of middle aged and elderly woman with hormonal changes or psychological disorders. In addition to burning sensation, patient with BMS also complains of oral mucosal pain, altered taste sensation, and dry mouth. This condition is probably of multifactorial origin, often idiopathic and its exact etiopathogenesis remains unclear. So far, there is no definitive cure for this condition and most of the treatment approaches, medications remains unsatisfactory. An interdisciplinary and systematic approach is required for better patient management. The purpose of this article is to present a review of epidemiology, clinical presentation, classification, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of BMS.
Peripheral Ameloblastoma (PA) is a benign odontogenic tumor, arising from the cell rest of Serres, reduced enamel epithelium and basal cells of the surface epithelium. Peripheral ameloblastoma is a rare odontogenic neoplasm occurring commonly in the mandibular gingiva. PA clinically resembles other peripherally occurring lesions like pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, and squamous papilloma. The recurrence rate of PA is 16-19% which demands a straight follow up. We report a case of recurrent peripheral ameloblastoma occurring in a 72-year old male located in the mandibular lingual gingiva in relation to the 44, 45 element's regions. The patient had a primary lesion excised from the same site 6 years before which was diagnosed as ameloblastoma.
IntrOductIOnCancer is a complex disease, presents as an altered expression, closely associated with abnormal growth leading to interference in the normal functioning of cells. The disruption of which is caused by effects of genotoxic agents from the environment or chemical or radiation carcinogens resulting in genomic instability at an early stage of cancer, which often revolves as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and lichen planus [1].Of the total 90-95% of the malignancy arising from oral cavity are oral squamous cell carcinoma, some of them are preceded by a certain lesions grouped under potentially malignant disorders. These groups of lesions pose a close affiliation with the usage of tobacco and cigarette smoking [2]. Intermittent thorough follow up of these potentially malignant disorders aims at prevention and detection at the earliest, thereby decreasing the incidence and shoot up the survival rate.Premalignant nature of a lesion or condition will not be ascertained by means of clinical means alone, as not all those lesions that appear white and red end up malignant. Confirmatory histopathology is a definite requisite for any kind of mucosal lesion that exceeds two weeks period even after the causative irritants are removed [3]. Individuals diagnosed to have potentially malignant disorders, should be screened for the signs of malignant transformation. In the present study, high risk individuals with lichen planus were identified on the basis of presence of chromosomal aberrations in the form of micronucleated cells.Micronuclei (Mn) are nothing but structures that get separated from the main nucleus during nuclear division. They can be either chromosome fragments or whole chromosome itself that lag behind at the anaphase. Micronuclei index (Mni) is considered as standard cytogenetic end point that is commonly applied in genetic toxicology. Mni can be assessed in cells like lymphocytes, erythrocytes and also exfoliated epithelial cells, that provide the quantitative genomic damage that has occurred in vivo. Exfoliated cells derived from rapidly dividing cells are the target cells of Mn. The advantage of Mn assay over cytogenetic assay is that it is a simple, least invasive technique that doesn't require ex vivo nuclear division and is less time consuming [4]. MAtErIALS And MEtHOdSThe present cross-sectional study was conducted in Rajah Muthaiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu. The study involved 32 participants selected using coin flip method, who were further categorized into 22 individuals confirmed to have lichen planus lesions and 10 healthy disease free individuals. The study sample encompassed buccal smears from both the groups.The exfoliating epithelial cells were scraped from the lesion area of OLP cases [Table/ Fig-1] and normal buccal mucosa in the second group [Table /Fig-2]. The samples were collected with the aid of moist sterilized wooden spatula. The obtained samples were then transferred onto a clean glass slide containing 0.09M N...
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