In the present article synthesis and medicinal applications of [1, 2, 4] oxadiazoles are reviewed. The oxadiazoles have a wide range of applications such as Antitussive, Anti-inflammatory, Anaesthetic, Vasodilator, anthelmintic, antiallergic, antiplatelet effects in vitro, antithrombotic properties in vivo, etc. Many researchers have synthesized novel heterocyclic compounds containing oxadiazoles with the concept of bioisosterism.
The present review article is related with the method of preparation, importance and medicinal application of indole and indazoles. The studies of heterocycles is an evergreen field in the branch of organic chemistry and always attract the attention of chemists working not only in the area of natural products but also in the synthetic chemistry. Moreover many useful drugs have emerged from the successful investigation carried out in this branch. The derivatives of indoles and indazoles exhibits antibacterial, anticancer, antionidants, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiviral, atniproliferative, antituberculosis, antispermetogenic activity, antipsychotic drugs etc.
Surface and groundwater are related systems. They can be used conjunctively to maximize the efficient use of available resources. Groundwater may be used to supplement surface water to cope with the irrigation demands to meet the deficits in low rainfall periods. The parameters involved in the present study are groundwater availability, surface water availability, water requirement of crops and crop area. The inclusion of such uncertain parameters leads to accept the decision making process beyond the consideration of economic benefits. In the present study, an irrigation planning model is formulated by considering the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater. The resources in the present model, i.e. the area, surface water and groundwater availability are represented by fuzzy set. The linear membership function is used to fuzzify the objective function and resources. The model is applied to a case study of Jayakwadi project and solved for maximization of the degree of satisfaction (l) which is 0.546.
Objectives: The present study was designed to identify and screen phytochemicals present in methanolic extract of Sapindus emarginatus seed kernel, to evaluate its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and to search for dihydropteroate synthase (3TYE) enzyme inhibitors through molecular docking study. Methods: Phytochemicals present in methanol extract were screened using standard protocol. Identification of phytochemicals was carried out using GC-MS. DPPH assay and Microbroth dilution assay were used to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activity respectively. Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) was used for molecular docking. Results: Preliminary phytochemicals screening of extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols and tannins, terpenoids, saponins and fat & oil. GC-MS study was showed 12 peaks indicating the presence of 12 different phytoconstituents. The extract exhibited very good inhibition (MIC= 200µg/mL) against S. pyogenus compared with inhibition of standard drug ampicillin (MIC= 100µg/mL). Molecular docking result revealed that 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-[3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy bind effectively to the active site residues of dihydropteroate synthase (3TYE) with docking score of -6.53kcal/mol. Conclusion: Phytochemicals were investigated (Phytochemicals screening and GC-MS analysis) are responsible of antimicrobial or antioxidant activity of Sapindus emarginatus seed kernel.
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