Introduction
Recent studies stressed the importance of the epiligament in ligament nutrition and healing. While ligaments of the knee joint have been the subject of extensive research, the epiligament of the medial collateral ligament has received only limited attention. The aim of our study was to present the ultrastructural morphological features of the epiligament of the medial collateral ligament in a rat knee joint.
Materials and methods
For the present study, we used eight eight-month-old male Wistar rats. A transmission electron microscopic study of the epiligament was conducted according to standard protocol.
Results
In the epiligament, we described the presence of fibroblasts with the typical features of protein-synthesizing cells, as well as fibrocytes and adipocytes. We noted an abundance of blood vessels and nerve elements. Collagen fibers were organized in multidirectional bundles.
Conclusions
Our findings confirm that the cells and structures of the epiligament play an important role in the nutrition and healing of the medial collateral ligament.
Introduction Recent studies stressed the importance of the epiligament in ligament nutrition and healing. While ligaments of the knee joint have been the subject of extensive research, the epiligament of the medial collateral ligament has received only limited attention. The aim of our study was to present the ultrastructural morphological features of the epiligament of the medial collateral ligament in a rat knee joint. Materials and methods For the present study, we used eight eight-month-old male Wistar rats. A transmission electron microscopic study of the epiligament was conducted according to standard protocol. Results In the epiligament, we described the presence of fibroblasts with the typical features of proteinsynthesizing cells, as well as fibrocytes and adipocytes. We noted an abundance of blood vessels and nerve elements. Collagen fibers were organized in multidirectional bundles. Conclusions Our findings confirm that the cells and structures of the epiligament play an important role in the nutrition and healing of the medial collateral ligament.
Background: The claustrum is a brain structure found in both hemispheres beneath the inner surface of the neocortex in the region of the insula and is bordered by the external and extreme capsule. Generally, it is divided into a dorsal part (claustrum proper or insular claustrum) and ventral part (endopiriform nucleus). The claustrum possesses complex reciprocal connections with the cortex, striatum, dorsal thalamic nuclei and hippocampus. Reports of patients with unilateral lesion of the claustrum are few in number. Herein, we present a case report of an ischemic stroke restricted to the left claustrum in a 55-year-old female Case Report: The patient presented with intense feeling of dizziness, ataxic gait, sensation of 'vacuity' in the head, decreased hearing and abnormal gustatory sensations. The neurological examination revealed a mixed horizontal and rotary nystagmus to the right side. Brain CT upon admission was assessed as normal without pathological findings. MRI was performed and showed an ischemic stroke restricted to the left claustrum with no other lesions. Following 4 weeks of therapy the patient recovered fully and duplex sonography showed preserved circulation in the affected areas.
Conclusion:The present case report underlines the complexity of clinical symptomatology of the claustrum.
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