RESUMELa procréation a été et continue d'être de nos jours la raison fondamentale du mariage en Afrique depuis les temps immémoriaux. L'infécondité du couple est vue comme une fatalité que ce dernier doit combattre à tout prix durant une bonne partie de sa vie. En vue de connaître les recettes utilisées au Bénin pour traiter la stérilité féminine, une enquête a été entreprise en direction des tradithérapeutes et des personnes ressources dans les départements de l'Ouémé et du Plateau au Sud-Bénin. Au total 93 tradithérapeutes et personnes ressources ont été enquêtés. Il s'agit d'une enquête ethnobotanique basée sur des interviews individuelles semi-structurées qui a permis de recenser 123 recettes dans lesquelles interviennent 90 espèces végétales appartenant à 86 genres et 47 familles dont les plus représentées sont les Leguminosae (10%), les Euphorbiaceae (6,67%), les Annonaceae (5,55% The ethnobotanical study of plants used in women infertility treatment in the departments of Oueme and Plateau in South of Benin ABSTRACT Procreation has been and continues to be today the fundamental reason for marriage in Africa since immemorial time. Infertility of the couple is seen as a fatality that it seeks to fight at all costs for a good part of his life. To know the recipes used in Benin to treat female infertility, a survey was undertaken towards the V. HOUMENOU et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 11(4): 1851-1871, 2017 1852 traditional healers and resource persons in the departments of Ouémé and Plateau in South of Benin Republic. On the whole, 93 traditional healers and resource persons were surveyed. This is an ethnobotanical sample survey which has permitted to identify the causes of female infertility and 123 recipes in which involved 90 plant species belonging to 86 genera and 47 families, the most represented being Leguminosae (10%), Euphorbiaceae (6.67%), Annonaceae (5.55%). The organs of species such as Afromomum melegueta, Allium cepa, Baphia nitida, Carissa spinarum, Elaeis guineensis, Garcinia kola, Kigelia africana, Monodora myristica, Mrinda lucida, Musa sapientum, Olax subscorpioidea, Pupalia lappacea, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Xylopia aethiopica are the most cited in the recipes. These plants contribute to relieve several infertile couples and deserve to be protected for posterity.
The most cited plant drugs during an ethnobotanical survey conducted for traditional healers and resource persons in southern Benin, used in the treatment of female infertility, were the subject of a phytochemical screening. It aims to determine the chemical substances that are conferred on the plants. These chemical substances are the pharmacological properties that are used for the treat of ailment recognized as being the origin of this disease. As a result, we studied the cytotoxicity of each herbal drug. In total, the organs of 17 plant species involved in this study are Aframomum melegueta, Allium cepa, Anchomanes deformants, Baphia nitida, Carissa spinarum, Elaeis guineensis, Garcinia cola, Kigelia africana, Monodora myristica, Morinda lucida, Musa sapientum, Olax subscorpioidea, Piper guineense, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Pupalia lappacea, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Xylopia aethiopica. The results obtained indicate that the richness in phytochemical element is a function of the species. Thus, Aframomum melegueta, Garcinia kola, Monodora myristica, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Xylopia aethiopica, and Anchomanes difformis are rich in catechin and/or gallic tannins, mucilages, reducing compounds, anthocyanins and/or leucoanthocyanins. On the other hand, no drugs is at same time rich in free anthracenics, steroids and / or terpernoids, alkaloids, saponosides, and quinone derivatives. The calculated CL50 values for each of the plant organs are all greater than 0.1 mg / ml. None of them is toxic. However, the non-toxicity of an herbal drug does not mean the same with the multispecies recipe in which it is used. Pharmacological tests of the various recipes used are also of significant importance.
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