BACKGROUND: Using the theory of complex systems, some human functions (thinking, memory, language) and human relationships have been analyzed and explained. In order to study the limits of human performance (in Air Traffic Controllers and pilots) a new concept was created, called the Human Performance Envelope (HPE). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to apply the principles of the complex system to the analysis of the human factors of the HPE concept. Moreover, this paper’s objective is to create a mathematical model that will give the opportunity to study all the physiological ergonomic factors, not only the ones that are most commonly studied. The most studied factors are mental workload, stress and situation awareness (SA). By applying the mathematical model, it is possible to analyze all the physiological factors (stress, mental workload, fatigue, attention, vigilance and SA). METHODS: In the present paper the theory of complex systems (hybrid modelling) was applied to the Human Performance Envelope concept. A mathematical model was created, then it was validated and solved based on previous researches. RESULTS: Firstly, a literature analysis was performed on the complex systems application by the present researchers concerning pilots’ HPE. The proportional and inverse proportional relationships between the nine human factors were visually illustrated. Finally, a mathematical model was proposed, consisting of a set of equations, which were partially validated by the experiments on pilots done by other researchers. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is required to validate the whole mathematical model, including physiological measurements (experiments) for the six ergonomic factors and the applied heuristic psychosocial methods for the others.
Nowadays, the international aviation organizations are focused on safety improvements, using automation systems and applying ergonomic concepts. One of these concepts is Human Performance Envelope, which is used for pilot's performance determination, based on a set of ergonomic factors. The aim of the paper is to give a clear definition of this concept and to establish what the directions for future studies are. For this reason, was done a literature review of what has been done. It was revealed that workload, stress, situation awareness and attention are the most studied factors, while fatigue, vigilance, teamwork, trust and communication are the least studied. Moreover, all the experiments were done on one member of the crew, so the concept was applied on one person, while in reality the action of the team influences the upcoming events, so the concept should be extended on the team. Also, the proposed solutions regard the cockpit improvement using automation systems, thus none of them concerns the psychosocial aspects. So, the concept of Human Performance Envelope offers great possibilities for future ergonomic studies in aviation.
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