In this paper, we report a biomolecule-assisted soft chemistry route for constructing complex Bi(2)S(3) nanostructures that exhibit controlled wetting behavior. The as-synthesized sample was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission SEM (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman, x-ray photoelectron (XPS) and photoluminescence (PL). The Raman spectra indicate that the surface optical (SO) phonon mode occurs in Bi(2)S(3) nanoparticles. The SO phonon mode is attributed to the defects on the surface of Bi(2)S(3) nanoparticles. In addition, the possible formation mechanism of the self-assembled urchin-like Bi(2)S(3) complex nanostructures is discussed. The established complex nanostructure can control the surface topology of a membrane to create a superhydrophobic surface. A water contact angle (CA) of > 150 degrees of the as-synthesized Bi(2)S(3) complex nanostructures can be obtained, which may find potential application in environmental chemistry.
MATERIALS BY DESIGN: USING ARCHITECTURE IN MATERIAL DESIGN TO REACH NEW PROPERTY SPACES 1123MRS BULLETIN • VOLUME 40 • DECEMBER 2015 • www.mrs.org/bulletin S Similarly, phononic crystals (PnCs) are artifi cial periodic structures composed of elastic materials, in which mechanical waves within a specifi c frequency bandwidth are forbidden from propagating. This prohibited frequency range is termed the phononic bandgap (PnBG) and enables sound, and often heat, to be controlled, allowing for the creation of more effi cient fi lters, waveguides, and resonant cavities.The combination of geometry-including lattice type, topology, and scale-with material properties determines the ultimate behavior of architected materials. Beyond controlling wave propagation and mechanical properties, structural design and microstructural parameters are signifi cant for many applications, including battery electrodes, supercapacitors, and other electrochemical (e.g., electrochromic) devices.
In this paper, we report on biomineralization of BaCO(3) hierarchical architectures with self-cleaning ability. The phase structures of the obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). All of these complex nanostructures, including dendrite-like nanostructures, dumbbell-like nanostructures, and spherical nanostructures of BaCO(3), were obtained by tuning the experimental parameters, such as the concentration of glucosan and Ba(2+) cations. The morphology and structures were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum. The formation of dendrite-like, dumbbell-like, and spherical complex nanostructures can be explained by a rod-dumbbell-sphere (RDS) self-assembly growth mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the biomimetic synthesis of BaCO(3) hierarchical architectures which uniquely display the characteristic of superhydrophobicity. A water contact angle of >150 degrees and sliding angle of 1 degree of the BaCO(3) hierarchical architectures can be adjusted, which opens up a wide range of new potential applications of bioinspired complex nanostructures in environmental chemistry.
Broadly tunable photonic crystals in the near- to mid-infrared region could find use in spectroscopy, non-invasive medical diagnosis, chemical and biological sensing, and military applications, but so far have not been widely realized. We report the fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional tunable photonic crystals composed of polymer nanolattices with an octahedron unit-cell geometry. These photonic crystals exhibit a strong peak in reflection in the mid-infrared that shifts substantially and reversibly with application of compressive uniaxial strain. A strain of ∼40% results in a 2.2 μm wavelength shift in the pseudo-stop band, from 7.3 μm for the as-fabricated nanolattice to 5.1 μm when strained. We found a linear relationship between the overall compressive strain in the photonic crystal and the resulting stopband shift, with a ∼50 nm blueshift in the reflection peak position per percent increase in strain. These results suggest that architected nanolattices can serve as efficient three-dimensional mechanically tunable photonic crystals, providing a foundation for new opto-mechanical components and devices across infrared and possibly visible frequencies.
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