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Pariana, a primitive bamboo, is the only genus in the Gramineae (Poaceae) to have pollen grains without an annulus as part of its single aperture (porate) system. In contrast, the markedly thickened exine layer underlying the pore margin is similar to counterparts in all grass genera. Components of the future annulus in Gramineae pollen develop toward the cytoplasm (proximally) and begin to be pressed outward by an increase in the cytoplasm during the microspore vacuolate stage, culminating in an annulus by maturity. However, in some species of Pariana these components are either not sufficiently developed or the cytoplasmic expansion is not sufficient to press the components into an annular ring around the pore. The structural relationship of exine layering in this type of pollen grain in Gramineae and other families with similar apertures has not hitherto been extensively studied. A critical examination of the apertures in bambusoid grasses may clarify their systematic position within the Gramineae.

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Two new species of the herbaceous bamboos genus Eremitis are described and illustrated under the names Eremitis linearifolia and E. robusta. They occur in small populations in the Atlantic Rain Forest vegetation, from the states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil, respectively. Both species are known from only two sites. Both new species were first collected in the early 1980s. We discuss the morphological characters distinguishing these new species from their close relatives, and provide an identification key to all described species of Eremitis.

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The Special Committee on Publications Using a Largely Mechanical Method of Selection of Types (Art.10.5(b))(especially under the American Code) was established at the XVIII International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Melbournein 2011, with the mandate to develop a list of works that are deemed to have followed the American Code and any similar cases in which the method of type selectionis “considered to be largely mechanical”. This Report reviews the origins of, and problems associated with, the provision that permits a designation of type using a largely mechanical method to be superseded. The Committee concluded that use of the American Code and its predecessors was so widespread in the first two decades of the 20th century that no comprehensive list of works following these Codes could be generated. Instead it proposed that six criteria be adopted that will permit determination of works that can be taken to have used a largely mechanical method of type selection. Two of these are general and should apply until the American Code was completely abandoned around 1935; (1) inclusion of any statement to that effect; (2) adoption of a provision of the American Code contrary to the provisions of the International Rules. The other four seek to identify those persons who can be considered to have followed a largely mechanical method; although many followers of the American Code persisted in its use throughout the 1920s, not all did, and these criteria are limited to publications prior to 1921, when the Type‐basis Code was published; hence all publications by the following categories of person; (3) signatories of the 1904 “Philadelphia Code” (all also signatories of the American Code); (4) persons who had publicly declared that they followed the American Code; (5) employees and associates of the New York Botanical Garden; and (6) employees of the U.S. federal government. This Report provides the supporting documentation for the proposals that are also published in this issue.

Abstract— For almost 30 yr it was believed that the holotype of Pariana maynensis (Huber 1440) was lost. Based on this, a neotype housed at the MG herbarium, Pará, Brazil (Huber 4296, MG) was proposed by V. C. Hollowell in her treatment of Pariana for Flora Mesoamericana. During recent review of the Pariana collections of the MG herbarium, the type specimen supposedly lost was rediscovered. Here we recognize the holotype status of the Huber 1440 (MG) specimen. In the process, we also resolved a 118-yr-old enigma regarding a similar specimen, Huber 4296 (MG), which is a new species formally described here as Pariana huberi. In addition to the description of the new species, an emended description of P. maynensis, and a comparison with morphologically similar species are provided, as well as an updated distribution map and an informal conservation status for both species.