High-throughput (HT) techniques built upon laboratory automation technology and coupled to statistical experimental design and parallel experimentation have enabled the acceleration of chemical process development across multiple industries. HT technologies are often applied to interrogate wide, often multidimensional experimental spaces to inform the design and optimization of any number of unit operations that chemical engineers use in process development. In this review, we outline the evolution of HT technology and provide a comprehensive overview of how HT automation is used throughout different industries, with a particular focus on chemical and pharmaceutical process development. In addition, we highlight the common strategies of how HT automation is incorporated into routine development activities to maximize its impact in various academic and industrial settings.
In an effort to remove residual palladium from a drug
candidate
prepared by palladium-catalyzed indolization, many
treatments
were examined. The most effective treatment was to
precipitate
palladium from solution using
2,4,6-trimercapto-s-triazine
(TMT), which reduced palladium levels from 600−650 ppm
to
20−60 ppm in an isolated indole intermediate.
Subsequent
crystallizations routinely afforded active pharmaceutical
ingredient with <1 ppm of palladium. TMT treatment
should
prove useful to reduce the concentration of residual
palladium
in other reactions.
Many
workflows in Pharmaceutical R&D involve the manipulation
of defined amounts of powders. Automated powder dispensing platforms
are currently available; however, these existing technologies do not
meet the requirements for every high-throughput experimentation powder
dispensing application. A Working Group (WG) composed of pharmaceutical
researchers within the Enabling Technologies Consortium (ETC) evaluated
automated platforms commercially available from three manufacturers
using an objective, systematic testing protocol. This paper describes
the selection of powders and testing conditions used in this evaluation,
and it assesses the impact that the powders, testing conditions, equipment
environment, and other factors had on the performance of the selected
platforms.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.