Globally, carbon-rich mangrove forests are deforested and degraded due to land-use and land-cover change (LULCC). The impact of mangrove deforestation on carbon emissions has been reported on a global scale; however, uncertainty remains at subnational scales due to geographical variability and field data limitations. We present an assessment of blue carbon storage at five mangrove sites across West Papua Province, Indonesia, a region that supports 10% of the world's mangrove area. The Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: Sasmito SD, Sillanpää M, Hayes MA, et al. Mangrove blue carbon stocks and dynamics are controlled by hydrogeomorphic settings and land-use change. Glob

Raja Ampat has biodiversity in marine waters so it qualifies as a conservation area as well as a tourism destination. The number of tourist visits to this area has increased significantly, from 998 people in 2007 to 29,653 people in 2016. Increasing number of tourists have become a threat if the behavior of tourist are not concerned on the environment sustainability and damage the attractions for diving. Assessment of the carrying capacity of the area becomes an important factor to know for sure the maximum number of visitors that can be accommodated by the region at any given time without causing disturbance to the environment and human. The study was conducted from September 2015 to August 2016. Data collection of dive sites was conducted by measuring the extent of coral reefs, coral slope, coral reef condition, and water depth. Calculation of carrying capacity used is Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC) and Real Carrying Capacity (RCC). There are 15 main dive sites frequented by divers. The number of people allowed to dive based on physical carrying capacity ranges from 20 to 500 diver/day, for Actual carrying capacity (RCC) of 14 - 335 diver/day. Locations that have the lowest carrying capacity on The Passage site and highest on the Melissa Garden site. The process of integrating dive attractions with other tours and monitoring of travel activities is a key factor in the sustainability of Raja Ampat regency tourism.

Each species has a special value. No species was created without intention. If one species matters, all species are altogether admirably important. This paper elucidates critical importance of species conservation in the context marine fish biodiversity in Indonesia. This resource endowment has not been truly known and hence improperly utilized. As direct consequences, biodiversity loss and species extinction are unstoppable trend. This condition is attributed to the lack systematic research and serious education programs. Beside the needs of improving research and education at national level, conservation programs should be intentionally adapted by regional government. Of the various available conservation approaches, the adapting of focal species by each regional government may become an effective approach to massively promote fish conservation program at provincial and regency levels. It also may become an input for conservation practices at larger scale.AbstrakSetiap spesies mempunyai nilai khusus. Tidak ada satu spesies pun yang diciptakan tanpa tujuan. Jika satu spesies saja begitu berarti, keberadaan semua spesies sekaligus sangat penting. Makalah ini menekankan begitu pentingnya konser-vasi spesies pada keragaman hayati laut di Indonesia. Sumber daya ini belum diketahui dengan sempurna dan sebab itu menjadi alasan untuk tidak dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Sebagai akibatnya, kehilangan keragaman hayati dan kepunahan spesies adalah kecenderungan yang tidak terhentikan. Hal ini terjadi karena kekurangan penelitian dan program pendi-didikan. Selain kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan penelitian dan pendidikan pada skala nasional, program konservasi harus sengaja diadakan di tingkat daerah. Dari berbagai pendekatan program konservasi, penentuan spesies kunci bisa menjadi pendekatan efektif untuk mempromosikan konservasi spesies ikan secara masif oleh pemerintah daerah provin-si atau kabupaten. Pendekatan ini bisa menjadi pelajaran bagi praktif konservasi pada skala yang lebih luas.

Sumber daya ikan tuna di Samudera Hindia dikelola oleh 2 Regional Fisheries Management Organization yaitu Indian Ocean Tuna Commission dan Commission for the Conservation of the Blue Fin Tuna. Dengan pengolahan ini, maka sumber daya ini tidak lagi bebas dimasuki untuk dimanfaatkan, kecuali oleh negara atau entitas yang menjadi anggota ke-2 Regional Fisheries Management Organization ini. Sumber daya tuna ini telah dimanfaatkan sejak tahun 1950, dan mungkin akan terus menjadi daerah penangkapan utama di masa mendatang. Jenis-jenis tuna ukuran besar sudah cenderung ditangkap secara berlebihan. Sementara jenis tuna ukuran kecil cenderung belum tinggi intensitas penangkapan. Indonesia sudah saatnya mengembangkan perikanan tuna di Samudera Hindia ini secara besar-besaran, mengingat posisi geografis Indonesia yang relatif lebih dekat dan berbatasan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia.Indian Ocean tuna resources are managed by two Regional Fisheries Management Organization; the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission and Commission for the Conservation of the Blue Fin Tuna. Under this management regime, the fishery is not an open access. It can only be utilized by member countries and entities of the those Regional Fisheries Management Organization. The tuna resources have been extensively caught since 1950, and may be kept on being exploited in the future. The large tuna species tended to have been fully utilized, while the small species may be considered under fished. Indonesia should develop its capacity to the best use of the existing resources, considering its relatively shorter distance to the fishing ground.

Kabupaten Padang Pariaman merupakan salah satu daerah kabupaten di Propinsi Sumatera Barat yang memiliki wilayah pesisir dan laut. Melihat potensi yang ada, perubahan orientasi pembangunan dari pembangunan yang berbasis sumberdaya daratan (land based resources) kepada pembangunan yang berbasis sumberdaya kelautan dan perikanan (marine and fisheries based resources) memungkinkan di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.