The coastal city of Guasave, Sinaloa, located on the Mexican Pacific coast, is subject to extreme precipitation events, which have caused flooding with damage to the city’s infrastructure. The factors that influence flooding are vegetation, geology, degree of soil saturation, drainage characteristics of the watershed, and the shape of the topographic relief. Of the above factors, the topographic relief, which is the subject of the study, has been partially modified in some areas by infrastructure works (from 20.2 m to 17.6 m), and the population of the urban area has grown by 51.8% in 17 years (2004–2021); therefore, the objective is to evaluate the potential flood risk due to changes in this factor and the growth of the urban area. When using this method, the potential flood risk was determined considering four extreme events, 1982, 1990, 1998, and 2019. It was found that the potential risk increases for the whole city, being more intense in sector III, which, before the modification of the topographic relief, was the area with the lowest risk of flooding. In an extreme event such as Hurricane Paul in 1982, practically the entire city would be flooded.
En una dimensión regional, se analizan dos factores claves de la actividad agrícola de Guasave, Sinaloa, México que influyen directamente en el desarrollo rural sustentable: la agricultura intensiva y la calidad de suelos. La presente investigación se diseñó como un estudio cualitativo de tipo descriptivo de este ramo productivo, para ello se aplicaron 164 entrevistas a productores y se analizaron diversos documentos con información del sector, tales como informes técnicos y boletines. Se encontró que la agricultura intensiva predomina en el área de estudio, con prácticas y patrones de producción de tipo tradicional, como son sistemas de riego de gravedad y uso desmedido de agroquímicos, lo cual presupone manejos agrarios que van en contra del contexto sustentable. Se requiere de investigación-acción para la implementación de estrategias de resiliencia con un enfoque sostenible, alineadas a la gobernanza ambiental adecuada de la actividad y a las necesidades del sector, toda vez que se siguen observando problemas como la pérdida de fertilidad de los suelos, un incremento en la salinidad y erosión en algunos predios agrícolas.
Arid and semi-arid zones frequently present salinity problems in soils. The agriculture of the municipality of Ahome, Sinaloa has an agricultural region where its soils are characterized by problems of salinity and sodicity-conditions that reduce production. Salinity can be detected by implementing remote sensing techniques; there are ways to enhance the detection of satellite salinity through the use of diverse quantitative models, using the spectral signature of each of the components of the study area through algorithms named indices. For this study we used the normalized differential salinity index (NDSI) from a Landsat OLI image for the southern area of the city, which is related to the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soils (R = 0.90). At the same time, it is related to some anions and cations. As a result, it is possible to determine since the NDSI, the anion Cl-and Cations Na+, Ca++, and Mg++. We found a relationship between EC-Cl-(R = 0.94), EC-Na+ (R = 0.84), EC-Ca++ (R = 0.85), and EC-Mg++ (R = 0.86). The electrical conductivity in the field and laboratory, anions, cations, and NDSI index were filtered with the Kalman filter obtaining better fitter, eliminating dispersivity in the variable relations.
In the coastal aquifer of the lowlands on the right side of the river Sinaloa there is need for fresh water for agricultural development since, around 15% of the water used in agricultural irrigation, is from underground sources. This situation is exacerbated in periods of drought, which promotes drilling with the risk of finding brackish water in them; besides, there is the risk of not meeting water demand due to low hydraulic transmissivity (T) of the aquifer, putting at risk the drilling costs that this implies. In this sense, the determination of T and K (hydraulic conductivity) is important for the development and management of groundwater exploitation of the study area. Generally by means of pumping tests in wells, T is obtained, with high costs, so there are few values of T. K is generally obtained by wells and laboratory test. The aim of this chapter is to establish an empirical relationship between T and K with Dar-Zarrouk parameter in porous media, transverse resistance (T R ), in addition to a characterization of the water quality through the electrical resistivity. This parameter is estimated from surface resistivity measurements, which are more economical in relation to the pumping tests; thus, T was characterized in the study area
Las microempresas son de gran importancia para las economías del mundo por su capacidad de generar empleos y contribuir al producto interno bruto, favoreciendo el sistema productivo nacional. Sin embargo, también son altamente vulnerables a los diferentes escenarios socioeconómicos que surgen de sus diferentes entornos, así como a la formación en planificación financiera de sus operadores (gerentes, administradores o propietarios) quienes son parte central de la expectativa de vida de estas empresas. así como su crecimiento.La relevancia del operador se analiza mediante la prueba estadística chi-cuadrado relacionando variedades de planificación financiera como crédito, liquidez, endeudamiento, costos de bienes y servicios, toma de decisiones sobre la edad, educación y formación profesional en la planificación financiera del operador la microempresa. Mediante escala tipo Likert se formularon 124 encuestas, cada una con 22 ítems relacionados con el perfil de los operadores y los recursos de planificación financiera antes mencionado, mostrando así registros numéricos cuantificables que contienen las respuestas de los microempresarios entrevistados. A partir del análisis estadístico con la prueba de chi-cuadrado se determinaron los grados de dependencia entre variables, encontrando que la formación profesional en el campo de la planificación financiera del operador de la microempresa es determinante en la supervivencia, existencia o esperanza de vida, la cual es de 5.7 , inferior a la media nacional.
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