The paper considers two isolated solutions for fast charging of electric vehicles (EVs). The isolation is located on the grid side (off-board), while the rest of the charging apparatus is placed on-board the EV and it entirely consists of the existing power electronics components that would be otherwise used only for propulsion. Thus, substantial savings on the space, weight, and cost are achieved. The considered configurations fully incorporate either a symmetrical or an asymmetrical six-phase machine, as well as a six-phase inverter, into the charging process. Due to the nature of the connections, torque production is avoided during the charging/vehicle-to-grid (V2G) modes of operation. Thus the machines do not have to be mechanically locked, and their rotors naturally stay at standstill. Control schemes for both configurations are elaborated, and theoretical results are validated by experiments for the two configurations in both charging and V2G modes.

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Cross-saturation effect in synchronous machines has been a subject of considerable attention in recent years. Inclusion of the cross-saturation in the machine model has two consequences. The first one, called here 'steady-state cross-saturation', consists of dependence of the steady-state d-q axis magnetizing inductances on the currents in both axes. The second one, termed here 'dynamic cross-saturation', is the existence of nonzero elements in the system matrix, that describe cross coupling between d-and q-axis. Dynamic cross-saturation appears in all the saturated machine models, regardless of the selected set of state-space variables, with the exception of the winding flux linkage state-space model. The aim of this paper is to compare behavior of various models when dynamic cross-saturation is neglected. It is shown that the impact of dynamic cross-saturation on accuracy depends on the selected set of state-space variables. In majority of cases omission of dynamic cross-saturation leads to very inaccurate results. However, it is found that for one particular class of models omission of dynamic cross-saturation has practically no impact on accuracy. These models therefore fully describe the complete saturation effect by means of only continuous variation of the d-q axis magnetizing inductances.

Monte-Carlo, real time thermal rating, risk. 22 NOMENCLATURE 23The symbols used throughout this paper are defined below.

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Earlier, we identified (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial as a male-specific compound of the goldeneyed lacewing, Chrysopa oculata Say (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), but traps baited with this compound caught almost exclusively males. In the present report, we demonstrated by sweep-net sampling and observation in the vicinity of pheromone lures that C. oculata females, and males, are strongly attracted to iridodial. Aggregation activity of C. oculata adults occurred between dusk and dawn. This research demonstrates that iridodial may be useful to induce goldeneyed lacewings to lay eggs in targeted plant patches for biological pest control.