The concept of forest degradation tends to be addressed in broad terms, and existing definitions are difficult to apply in practice. These definitions are based on a reduction in the production of ecosystem goods and services, but fail to address how, when and to what degree this reduction-which ultimately leads to degradation of a forest-occurs. Generally speaking, degradation is the result of a progressive decline in the structure, composition and functions upon which the vigor and RESILIENCE of a forest is based. A degraded forest is one whose structure, function, species composition, or productivity have been severely modified or permanently lost as a result of damaging human activities. So far, no guidelines have been developed for classification and evaluation of a degraded forest at the stand level, nor are there methodologies for assessing the degree of degradation found. The present work proposes stand-level guidelines for identification of a degraded forest according to a list of structural, compositional and regeneration criteria and characteristics. Emphasis is put on the need for local definitions of forest degradation, and identification of thresholds that determine the points where the processes of degradation finalize into degraded forests. Finally, the present work makes a call to move forwards in sustainable management in order to prevent degradation, and in implementation of restoration or rehabilitation practices in degraded forests.
60 %). El mantillo (Oe/Oa) presentó condiciones adecuadas para el desarrollo radicular. Existe comúnmente un horizonte blanco (frecuentemente 10 YR 5/1-2) inmediatamente debajo del mantillo, con textura franco limosa y estructura masiva, con arraigamiento muy bajo. Se plantea como hipótesis que este horizonte se originó por depósitos de cenizas volcánicas y procesos de podzolización. Se concluye que la fertilidad de estos suelos es baja debido a limitantes físicas (dificultades de arraigamiento) y químicas (acidez, toxicidad de aluminio, baja oferta de bases)]]>
Site factors and variables that best explain productivity variability were determined for sites with adult Pinus radiata plantations. The study covered 70 sites in Central Chile (33°-41° S) with great climate and soil variations. Through correlation analysis, step-wise and linear regression, climate stood out as the main factor of productivity variability. According to this result, the need to analyze sites with sandy soils separately from those with non-sandy soils became evident. The water regime, through the soil physical and climatic variables, was shown have the greatest effect upon productivity; the regime of soil nutrients was shown to have a lesser effect.
Efectos de distintas dosis de fertilizante de liberación controlada (Osmocote ®) en el desarrollo de plantas de coigüe, raulí y ulmo Effects of different doses of slow-release fertilizer (Osmocote ®) in the development of coigüe, raulí and ulmo seedlings
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