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A method using liquid-liquid extractions has been developed for matrix simplification and evaluated by gel permeation chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometry (GPC ICP MS). In this method, maltenes were dissolved in n-heptane (HEP), and extractions with methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN) and dimethylformamide (DMF) were performed. The extraction with ACN is more efficient than that of MeOH for the removal of

Renewable feedstocks, such as lignocelulosic fast pyrolysis oils and both vegetable oil and animal fats, are becoming a viable alternative to petroleum for producing high-quality renewable transportation fuels.

The speciation analysis of complex mixtures of chemicals requires an efficient separation method and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is one such technique that has been used for these purposes. Hyphenation...

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A new total consumption micronebuliser for ICP-MS was developed and optimised in this work.

The analysis of the inorganic content of bio-oils has not been widely reported in the literature. In this work, the analytical methods employed for the quantification and speciation of inorganic species in bio-oils are summarized. Total inorganic analysis of bio-oils is commonly performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques; however, other quantitation techniques are compiled and discussed in this review. Additionally, the few studies that have recently been reported on the inorganic speciation of bio-oils by supercritical fluid chromatography−inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography−inductively coupled plasma highresolution mass spectrometry, and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry are also addressed. Cumulatively, the reports suggest that the lack of standard analytical methods in the total inorganic analysis of bio-oils is a major contributor to inaccurate results. Thus, future research with analytical methodologies already applied in crude oils should be adapted to account for the unique bio-oil(s) matrix. Such a strategy offers a path toward more accurate inorganic speciation/quantitation of inorganics in bio-oils, which might be the key to the understanding of production problems, storage stability, and upgrading processes commonly encountered with such samples.