El Parque Nacional Archipiélago Espíritu Santo ha sido sitio de interés para la conservación para organizaciones federales, de investigación y no gubernamentales debido a su amplia biodiversidad. Acciones de conservación se manifiestan desde fines de los años setenta, hasta inicios del siglo XXI, como su inclusión dentro de los Sitios de Patrimonio Mundial Natural de la UNESCO. Actualmente, es el área protegida con más visitantes en Baja California Sur, alrededor de 30 mil visitantes anuales, nacionales y extranjeros. Con el objetivo de demostrar que los beneficios económicos son positivos para los visitantes que realizan actividades recreativas ecoturísticas, se propuso valorar la biodiversidad acuática del sitio aplicando el método costo de viaje por tipo de visitante. Se observa que existen distintos determinantes que motivan la visita al sitio para turistas nacionales y extranjeros. Los cálculos de excedente del consumidor individual o disposición a pagar por acceder al sito son de 288 y 8 dólares para turistas extranjeros y nacionales respectivamente. Los resultados indican que los visitantes extranjeros perciben un mayor beneficio por visitar el sitio que los nacionales.
Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence for policy-makers of water management, evaluate the applicability of economic variables such as price and other factors that affect demand, and determine the impact thereof on decision-making surrounding water management in the El Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve in Mexico. We estimated a dynamic function with an average price specification, as well as price perception specification. Findings demonstrated that consumers tend to react to perceived average price but not to the marginal price. Furthermore, long-term price elasticity was found to be higher than short-term elasticity, and both elasticities were found to be inelastic. Inelastic elasticities, coupled with rising prices, generate substantial revenues with which to improve water planning and supply quality and to expand service coverage. The results suggest that users' level of knowledge surrounding price is a key factor to take into account when restructuring rates, especially in situations where consumers do not readily possess the necessary information about their rate structure and usage within a given billing period. Furthermore, the results can help water management policy-makers to achieve goals of economic efficiency, social equity, and environmental sustainability.
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